Thermal unit. Diagram of the thermal node. Heating network

The heat station is the main element of the heating system, the efficiency of which depends to a large extent on the quality of hot water supply and heating of the connected facility, as well as the operation of the central system. For this reason, the thermal node, the thermal node design should be designed for each object individually, taking into account technical features and nuances.

Appointment

The heat station is located in a separate room and is a set of elements intended for the distribution of heat that comes from the heating network to the heating and ventilation system, as well as hot water supply to industrial and residential premises, in accordance with the parameters set for them and the type of coolant.

The thermal unit (the scheme of the heat node below) allows not only to distribute heat to consumers, but also to take into account the costs of its consumption, as well as to save energy resources. It maintains comfortable conditions in the building with economical use of resources by automatically regulating the supply of heat to the heating system, ventilation system, and hot water supply in accordance with the established schedule, taking into account the outside air temperature.

Standard equipment

To ensure reliable operation of the heat point, it is important that it be equipped with the following minimum set of process equipment:

• Two plate heat exchangers (demountable or soldered) for hot water supply and heating systems.
• Pumping equipment for transferring the coolant to the heating devices of the building.
• Water treatment system.
• Automatic control system for temperature and quantity of coolant (flowmeters, controllers, sensors) to take into account loads on heat supply, control of coolant parameters and flow control.
• Technological equipment - regulators, control and measuring devices, check valves, stop valves.

It is worth noting that the configuration of the thermal unit with process equipment depends in large part on how the heating networks are connected to the heating system and hot water supply.

Basic Systems

The heat point consists of the following main systems:

• Heating system - maintains the set room temperature.
• Cold water supply - provides the necessary pressure in residential premises.
• Hot water supply - is designed to provide the building with hot water.
• Ventilation system that provides air heating, which enters the ventilation system of the building.

Thermal unit: thermal node scheme independent

Such a scheme is a set of equipment divided into several nodes:

• Feed and return piping.
• Pump equipment.
• Heat exchangers.

Depending on the type of scheme, the equipment from which the thermal node is composed will differ. The scheme of the thermal unit, developed according to an independent principle, will be equipped with a system of heat exchangers used to adjust the temperature of the circulating liquid before it is supplied to the consumer. For such a scheme, a number of advantages are characteristic:

• Fine-tuning the system.
• Economical heat consumption.
• Due to the regulation of the temperature regime at different outdoor temperatures, more comfortable conditions are created for consumers.

Dependent scheme

This scheme for connecting a heat point is simpler. In this case, the coolant reaches the consumer directly from the heat network, without any transformation.

On the one hand, this method of connection does not require the installation of additional equipment, respectively, and cheaper. But in the process of operation, such an installation is uneconomical, since it is not regulated at all - the temperature of the circulating liquid will always be as specified by the supplier of thermal energy.

Operating principle

The heat carrier from the boiler house is piped into the heaters of the heating system and hot water supply of the apartment, then it is sent via the return pipeline to the heat networks, and then the boiler room for reuse.

By means of pumping equipment, the cold water supply system delivers water to the system where it is distributed: one part is directed to the apartments, and the other goes into the circulation circuit of the hot water supply system for subsequent heating and distribution.

Service

As already mentioned above, the thermal unit consists of a large number of elements - input and output pipelines, collectors, heat exchangers, pumps, temperature controllers, instrumentation and others. This is a rather complicated system, therefore the maintenance of thermal units should consist of the following main stages:

• Inspection of heating system elements (instrumentation, pumps, heat exchangers). If necessary, the units are replaced or repaired, and the heat exchangers are cleaned and rinsed.
• Inspection of the ventilation system (valves of instrumentation, automatic regulation devices).
• Inspection of the hot water supply system.
• Check the makeup node.
• Monitoring of the coolant parameters (flow, temperature, pressure).
• Inspection of hot water supply thermostats.
• Inspection of other devices, which involves the installation of thermal units.

Design

Well-designed project documentation is of decisive importance. The design of the heat node can be useful in the event of any technical issues from the organization supplying heat, as well as with repeated annual tolerances.

After all, at the design stage, it is determined what devices will be installed, how the heat-hydraulic regime will be regulated, where the equipment will be installed, and what will result in the cost of installing the thermal unit at the site.