The standard of consumption of public services for the population

Today, one of the main items of the expenses of the family budget is the payment of utilities. Most have already installed accounting devices, the rest (mostly residents of apartment buildings) are paying according to the tariffs. The standard of consumption of communal services influences that limit expended, for which after the expiration of the month the account will come.

In the capital, a fixed price is set by the Moscow government, and in St. Petersburg it is dealt with by a special committee. State regulation indicates that tariffs are a reflection of the quality of life of the population, so that they must meet the minimum level of demand for these services.

Why do we need a fixed tariff?

The norms for the consumption of public utility services are necessary to determine the following values:

1. The volume of services provided to the population (for each type of utility services, the indicator is calculated separately).
2. Tariffs having an economic justification.
3. The size of rates for services provided by housing and communal services.
4. The amounts of compensation payments (subsidies).
5. Generalized amount of financing of the sphere of housing and communal services.
6. Need for additional funds from the state budget.

What is included in the tariffs for the population?

The standard of consumption of municipal services is established for all types of services provided by the housing and communal services. Depending on the mode of consumption, the services provided fall into two categories:

1. Services of individual or household consumption. This category includes all those services that are used in a private house or apartment. This can include water, sanitation, heating, electricity, gas.
2. Public services. These are the services provided by housing and communal services to all residents. In apartment buildings it is the support of the proper state of common areas (elevators, staircases, entrances). For the local area - the work of the janitor, the disposal of garbage and household waste. A good job of municipal services can be noted throughout the city in the form of clean streets, repair work on roads, bridges, sidewalks, city greening and street lighting.

What is householder needs?

The standard of consumption of communal services for common needs represents a whole set of indicators and determines the minimum set of services that the population needs. Tariffs are set according to several values:

• Number of square meters according to social standards;
• Volume of consumed water, gas and electricity.

Tariffs are calculated relative to one person, and then the arithmetic mean is derived for any territory (district, city, region).

How is the consumption level established?

The boundary, within which the standard of consumption of public services is established, has two expressions: natural and numerical. In addition, the tariff may fluctuate depending on the economic, political and demographic situation in the state. Also, the standards are not uniform, and in each region of the Russian Federation are set separately. The granting of such rights to local self-government was influenced by the country's long extension and, as a result, different climatic conditions.

The level of use of housing and communal services has a significant influence and subjective factors that show the productivity of enterprises. But the formation of tariffs occurs only with respect to objective factors. This process is carried out in two stages:

1. Establishment of a standard for individual regions, which, as a rule, are located in the same climatic zone.
2. The division of tariffs into groups, taking into account the characteristics of the terrain for each locality.

How are tariffs formed?

The norms of consumption of communal services (2017), are calculated according to one important indicator, namely the number of square meters. The norm of the social housing area is determined by one person. Relatively it is calculated and the amount of compensation payments for payment of services provided by housing and communal services. The factors influencing the establishment of this minimum are determined by representatives of the government of the Russian Federation. Such indicators include:

• The degree of housing provision;
• Number of members in the family;
• Type of premises from the reserves of housing stock.

Individual approach in this issue to each citizen has a special significance for society and the economy of the state.

The fact that the establishment of norms is conducted at the state level, gives the population guarantees to provide not only with housing, but also with the opportunity to pay for it timely and in full. The indicator characterizing the size of the laid housing area depends on the level of development of the economy, housing provision of people and the expansion of the housing stock due to the replenishment of new public facilities.

This figure also provides for the all-Russian standard, according to which one person must have at least eighteen square meters of housing space (for families consisting of three or more members), forty-two for a family of two. The social minimum of the area of housing per lonely person is thirty-three square meters. If we take into account the average for the Russian Federation, it will be eighteen square meters.

The calculation of tariffs according to the norms for the area of housing is the easiest and less labor-intensive. Special attention is paid only to special circumstances, for example, benefits.

How do you determine the tariffs for water?

The standard of consumption of public utilities for water supply is calculated according to the list of standard household and domestic procedures. This means that the calculation is based on the use of water, the availability of centralized water supply and basic sanitary equipment. Experts collect statistics on quantitative results, which are calculated by analyzing user profiles and experts.

What indicators influence the norms of water consumption?

Sanitary and technical conditions are established in accordance with building codes and regulations. Minimum consumption of water is affected by:

1. Indicator, reflecting the average amount of resource use by one housing unit or, in other words, household needs of the population. This includes the use of water for drinking and for household needs. Individual needs include hygiene, laundry and cooking. General procedures are washing dishes, plumbing, cleaning, caring for plants.
2. Overlimit flow. The amount is calculated per person per day.
3. The water flow needed to increase the head. The process is started for permanent and intermittent water supply to the apartments.

To calculate the consumption of water in general for the entire housing stock, you need to add more public needs, i.e. services that are provided to the population. These include cleaning the porches, watering the greenery and the territory in front of the houses. If at least one of the indicators taken into account changes, the tariff will need to be recalculated.

Reduce the volume of water consumption can be due to proper maintenance of plumbing equipment (both personal and public use) and minimizing inefficient spending.

In those places where the housing stock has a lower level of prosperity, the norms of consumption of public services for cold water supply are reduced.

How are the tariffs for electricity determined?

The tariff for electricity is the most important standard for consuming public utilities. Just like water supply, it is divided into two types, depending on the method of use.

To individual consumption is the coverage of the home, the cost of the work of small and large household appliances. Public consumption is paid from the reserves of the housing stock. In some cases, public consumption of electricity may include air conditioning, providing the population with heating and hot water. By averaging the obtained data, average values of electricity consumption are derived.

What affects the heating tariff?

The standard of consumption of municipal heating services includes two components: maintaining the normal temperature in the room and providing the population with hot water. The level of heating is regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards. This tariff is not only related to the area of the premises, but also to the actions to prevent the wasteful use of heat.

What features affect the determination of the need for heating?

The need for heating is equal to the product of the specific heat consumption during the year by the social norm of the size of housing. The size of heat consumption is also affected by the technical and structural characteristics of the building itself (the material from which the structure is made, the number of floors). The formula takes into account climatic and meteorological indicators. Experts of the relevant organization provide data on the temperature of the environment, the average air temperature over the heating period, the temperature inside the buildings.

An important parameter in calculating tariffs is the type of development. If the housing stock is capitalized, the heating costs will be lower.

Thus, the issue of approving the norms for the consumption of public services rises in the city administrations very often because of the constant changes in the components of tariff calculations.