The Red Book of the Vladimir Region: Plants and Animals. Save the Nature

In 2008, the Red Book of the Vladimir Region was first published. Plants and animals included in it were officially recognized as endangered species. The additional edition of the book was printed in 2010.

It is intended not only for professionals, but also for a wide range of readers. The book contains a list and a brief description of rare species of flora and fauna: fungi (10 species), plants (160 species), animals (160 species).

Flora and fauna of the region

The plant world of the region is quite diverse. It is mainly represented by northern taiga, forest western European and southern steppe species. In distant times, when the glacier retreated along the given territory, along with it came the marten, a red vole, a black polecat, a green woodpecker. Artificially were inhabited in the 30-40-ies boars, which were almost completely exterminated, but then the population was again restored due to the brought specimens. Therefore, the Red Book of the Vladimir Region, whose plants and animals are under threat of extinction, this time was not replenished with a new species. As a result of the settlement of coniferous vegetation, hares, moose, grouse and partridge spread from Siberia.

Typical inhabitants of the region are squirrels, voles and in general a variety of rodents. The largest of them is the river beaver, it turned out the same situation with the wild boar. In most of the floodplain reservoirs, which in winter do not freeze to the very bottom, the muskrat lives.

Mushrooms and plants

The most common landscape of the region is mixed forests. A favorable temperate continental climate creates ideal conditions for the development of vegetation and animal life. Forest accounts for about 56% of the total area. Pine, spruce and birch predominate, oak groves are found along the banks of rivers. For man, the nature of the Vladimir region presents the best gifts: an abundance of mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants. In total, the flora has 1370 species, including lichens of 19 species and mosses of 230 species.

All the plants in the book are divided into probably extinct, threatened, numerically reduced, rare, undetermined and disappearing by status. According to experts, only one species belongs to the numerically reduced specimens - the prince, who in the people is known as a forgotten berry. The long-term half-shrub disappears in places of natural habitat mainly due to deforestation. Another Red Book of the Vladimir Region (plants and animals in the text) includes a species that is endangered. This shoe is drip. A perennial plant does not save even its ecological lability, that is, the ability to grow on poor and dry soils. In the number of reduced Brownseed multicore, naiad small and flexible, hazel grouse, single-leaved flesh, cloudberry, young shooter.

The territory of the region also grows a large number of mushrooms, classified as rare species: white truffle, aspen, greenschlitter, waxwood, curly griffle.

Rare and disappearing bony fishes

The rivers flowing through the territory of the region belong to the Volga basin, their total length is 8560 km. All of them have typical flat features: a small slope, a weak current, a strong tortuosity of the channel. Rivers and lakes are filled with fish, including valuable commercial fish. In the Red Book, Russian sturgeon, sterlet (photo), ordinary stalker, thorn, lake minnow are recorded. The main reason for small numbers is poaching and pollution of reservoirs with industrial wastes.

The Red Book of the Vladimir Region: Birds

The new edition includes thirty-two species of birds, representatives of twelve detachments. These include the Black-throated diver, the toadstool, the bittern, the mute swan and the klikun, the gyrfalcon, the peregrine falcon, the kestrel, the eagle owl, the owl, the forest lark. Vulnerable is the black stork. This is a very rare species of birds, listed in the Red Book of Russia. He is timid, dwells in the forest zone and tries to avoid people. Lifestyle and behavioral features are poorly studied due to the secretiveness of the species. The basis of the food base is fish.

Animals listed in the Red Book of the Vladimir Region: predators

Predatory mammals are at the head of the food chain and have practically no natural enemies, except for humans. Under protection are only three types. Of these, the brown bear, one of the world's largest terrestrial predators, is extinct, or otherwise speaking, extinct from this territory. Once it inhabited the whole of Europe, and in the south its habitat reached the lands of Africa, in the east - China. Now it is exterminated in many regions of Russia.

Under threat of extinction are two species - trot and otter river. The first animal is a member of the cat family. The northernmost species, whose habitat reaches Scandinavia. She has a secretive character and prefers deaf, dark forests. The causes of small numbers are associated with the destruction of its habitats.

No less interesting are such animals of our region as the river otters. A small mammal leads a semi-aquatic life. It is considered the most common representative of the family and lives throughout Russia, but in this area for some reason, their numbers have declined significantly in recent years.

Artiodactyl and insectivorous mammals

Two of these detachments in the Book are represented by three species. On the territory of the Vladimir region there is a very rare and relict species from the order of insectivores - this is a muskrat (photo). A small animal has a very unusual appearance: a nose with a proboscis, vibrissae, a flat like a beaver, a tail with scales, a small head and a very beautiful thick fur. The main factor contributing to the reduction in the number of animals is deforestation in floodplains of rivers, water pollution, drainage of lands.

The second representative of the detachment is a gigantic evening. It is one of the largest bats in the whole of Europe. It is difficult to estimate their numbers reliably because of a secretive way of life, but nevertheless the species at the all-Russian level is considered vulnerable.

From the group of artiodactyls in the region on the verge of extinction is a European bison. He is the last representative of the group of wild bulls in the territory of modern Europe.

This is the scale of the Red Book of the Vladimir region. Plants and animals recorded there are endangered by extinction. In most cases, the person is to blame for this. Once rich in species diversity, each year is reduced not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively.