The problem of education in the comedy "Nedorosl" by DI Fonvizin

Fonvizin's comedy "Nedorosl" became a landmark work in Russian literature. First of all, it exerted a tremendous influence on the further development of Russian literature, because it largely outstripped its time both in its subject and in its form.

The difference from the classic comedy

At first glance, it may seem that "The Minor" was written in strict accordance with the framework of classicism prevailing at that time in literature. For example, in the comedy principles of the unity of time, place and action are observed, the characters speak according to their social status, and the comic is often built on situational moments. On this, perhaps, the similarity with the classic comedy ends. The main difference is the importance of education in the comedy "The Minor" for the author and reader.

What worried Fonvizin

Most of the researchers, considering the comedy "The Minor", argue that the main conflict in this case is based on a love story, and the problems are mostly social in nature. At the same time, there is an active observation of the existence of the topic of class inequality, aspiration for social improvement. Of course, there is a certain amount of truth in such statements, but the problem of this work is much more profound.

It is simply impossible not to notice the theme of education, on which Fonvizin focused the reader's attention. It is the transfer of experience to subsequent generations, the formation of humanity in them, the author pursued, creating his characters. Turning readership attention to education, Fonvizin "Nedorosl" wrote with special diligence, filigree working out every word, every action of his characters.

The younger generation in comedy

If you look at the text, you can see that the problem of education in the comedy "Nedorosl" is highlighted by the example of two heroes: Mitrofanushki and Sophia. Possessing a very thin author's instinct, ability to catch the slightest nuances, Fonvizin demonstrates the situation to the reader immediately from two sides, in the context of two understandings. The author directly draws the reader's attention to the contrast between the protagonists.

Moral purity, respect for the elders, spirituality of Sophia is very clearly separated from the cruelty, illiteracy of Mitrofanushka. It is at the expense of this opposition that the main problems in the play become especially obvious.

Contrast between the heroes of the older generation

The problem of education in the comedy "The Minor", of course, could not be fully expressed without involving the heroes of the previous, older generation. In this case, we are also talking about a very obvious contrast: Starodum, caring for Sophia, is very clearly opposed to the family of the Prostakovs. The author does not hide this fact for a minute, but, on the contrary, tries to emphasize it in every possible way, again and again pushing it to the fore for the reader.

The contrast in this case is further emphasized by the verbal difference between the characters. An attentive reader or spectator will immediately notice how strikingly the difference between the speech of Prostakov and Starodum is. Education in the comedy Fonvizin "Nedorosl" is manifested also on this purely speech level, both in the older and younger generations.

Exceptionally positive heroes

Earlier it was already said that the comedy "Nedorosl" became a real leap forward for Russian literature. This issue should be addressed especially, since it is the key to understanding the work.

For the classic play, which is often referred to as Fonvizin's comedy, the character in the character of heroes is characteristic. In this case, we mean the fact that a positive hero can not have any negative qualities and vice versa.

In this case, the situation is completely different. The problem of education in the comedy "Nedorosl" is revealed on the example of two families: Starodum and Sophia, Prostakovs and Mitrofanushki. According to the logic of classic art, the first two of the named heroes should be exceptionally positive. In fact, with a close examination of the text of the work, you can see that the author is quite strict and to them. In Starodum, for example, there is a certain "conservedness," the rejection of society in the form in which it was formed at the moment.

Sophia, in spite of all her very obvious merits, has disadvantages: she can not boast, for example, a special ability to defend her own opinion, which Fonvizin frankly condemns.

Exceptionally negative characters

Approximately the same situation develops in relation to the Prostakovs. Despite the cruelty of Mitrofanushka's mother, her extremely narrow, limited views, she has positive qualities. For example, Ms. Prostakova is endowed with the ability to genuinely love her own child and take care of him because of her abilities.

In the comedy "The Minor" the theme of upbringing is revealed more by demonstrating Mitrofanushka himself, in which it is absolutely impossible to distinguish at least some minimum positive quality. He is cruel, rude, limited and completely lazy. In fact, under these conditions, he could not have become another - the complete lack of rigor in the mother, the softness and indifference of the father with total care, the completely disregard of teachers - all this simply could not form another personality.

The education of Mitrofan in the comedy "Nedorosl" is shown especially clearly, in the smallest detail. The reader simply can not remain indifferent to such blatant behavior in relation to the growing, forming child, who as a result will simply betray his own mother.

Additional aspects

Do not forget that the theme of education in the comedy "The Minor" is revealed not only through the main characters. By and large, other characters of the play have a great influence on the formation of Mitrofanushka's personality: Skotinin, Vralman, Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin and, of course, Eremeevna. All the above characters in one way or another further exacerbate the situation. Elementary laziness, limited or blind love, with which his nurse treats Mitrofan, in no way contribute to the education of morality, spiritual purity.

Education Mitrofan in the comedy "Nedorosl" causes frank condemnation. Even comical situations, which, according to the laws of classic comedy, should cause a smile, lead the reader to bitterness as a result.

Even the final scene with Mrs. Prostakova, where the good seems to be defeating evil, does not cause a smile or joy - she is deeply sad and pushes to a long mental process.

Perturbation and blame

In the comedy "The Minor" the theme of education sounds equally acute in relation to spiritual and rational upbringing. The lack of moral purity Fonvizin demonstrates by including heroes in specific situations in which their behavior causes nothing but bewilderment and some disgust. As for the unwillingness to comprehend science, Fonvizin condemns this extremely sharply, in almost every case, the author's indignation about this kind of attitude toward learning is noticeably noticeable.

If in the first case the subject of education in the comedy "The Minor" remains open to the reader, who alone must draw a conclusion on the basis of concrete acts, then in the second case there is no choice - Fonvizin openly points out the defects of Mitrofanushka, the same Kuteikin and, of course, the Prostakovs.

With a one-on-one reader

Despite the fact that Fonvizin condemns those or other acts of his characters, he does not moralize openly in his comedy. In this case, we mean the fact that the reader's reaction is provoked by the visibility of actions, the exposure of human vices, and not by talking about them, by direct discussion. That is why the problem of education in the comedy "Nedorosl" is revealed as completely as possible, deeply offending the reader. Fonvizin skillfully demonstrated in it the darkest, most dusty corners of the Russian society of his time, thanks to which the comedy not only reached our days, but also lost a bit of its importance.

The commoners will always cause condemnation, Skotinin is indignant, and Mitrofanushka is some kind of disgust. Nevertheless, the reader is absolutely sure that there will always be such people as Sofia, Pravdin or Milon, on which one can be guided and which one should be proud of.

Fonvizin today

Special attention is paid today to the great comedy about Russian life: it is actively studied in schools and universities. It is so profound in its essence, so alive that even today the younger generation sees a clear difference between good and evil, ignorance and morality, justice and covetousness.

It's not for nothing that the text of Fonvizinsky "Nedoroslya" long ago spread to aphorisms, it is not for nothing that it is still valued and loved, and, of course, it will not be for many years studied by the growing generation, for the formation of morality in man is the main thing.