The geosphere is a part of our life on planet Earth

Anyone who has studied at school knows that the geosphere is a layer inside and outside the planet that can have different composition and properties. There are several such layers. In this article we will try to briefly describe what are the main geospheres, how they differ and what is their function. Such general information will be interesting not only to people who are professionally studying the structure of the Earth's layers, but also to the simple reader for general development.

General concept and types

The formation of the planet took place through the differentiation of substances, resulting in the formation of layers with different characteristics and purposes. As already mentioned, the geosphere is just such a layer. It is interesting to consider the planet in a section. If we begin to disassemble the shells of the Earth's geosphere from the inside, then we can see the following picture:

1. The innermost layer of the planet is the core.
2. A mantle is located around the nucleus.
3. The next layer is directly the earth's crust.
4. In addition, during the formation of water and air shells. In addition, the planet has its own magnetic and gravitational field.

Each layer differs from the other in the basic density of the elements that make up its composition. In the center of the Earth is the most dense layer, and as you move away from the middle, the density decreases. All layers exist in a clear relationship with each other. One layer penetrates into the other, and we can observe the presence of one layer in another, etc. One can not speak of the isolation of the geospheres, because all of them are closely interrelated. And we will understand this relationship when we consider each layer separately. Many will be surprised to realize that the geosphere is what is around us.

Core

This layer is the most dense formation. This is, so to speak, the inner geosphere of the planet, and it is in its very center. If you evaluate the appearance of the nucleus, it is a ball that has a thickness of more than two thousand kilometers. The composition of the core has a liquid formation, which contains molten iron, nickel and sulfur. The radius of this layer is about three and a half thousand kilometers. Moreover, the core has two parts: internal and external. Their temperature is so great that it is difficult to reproduce this in reality - more than 4 thousand degrees.

Specialists explain that the core plays the role of a dynamo for the planet. How does this happen? Liquid formation within the Earth constantly moves in connection with its rotation around the axis. This displacement of the nucleus causes the presence of a magnetic field in the planet. Geologists still continue to study all the features of this hot heart of the Earth.

Mantle

Discussing the geosphere of the earth, the next one is worth mentioning the mantle. This layer occupies the largest part of the planet - almost two thirds of its entire mass. She also has the upper and lower parts. If you translate into kilometers, the lower part takes up to two thousand kilometers, and the upper part - just less than a thousand kilometers. Geologists for a long time gathered information about what these two robes consist of. They took samples from the depths of the earth and from the ocean floor, and came to the following conclusions:

• In the mantle there are silicates and iron;
• The structure of the mantle is in the form of crystals, which are in this state only because of the high pressure; In the opposite case, a high temperature (more than 2500 degrees) would lead to melting;
• The upper mantle is in a liquid state, or rather, its lower part; This layer is a kind of litter for the lithosphere, which seems to float on the surface of the mantle.

In general, all these layers are sufficiently mobile relative to each other and can change the state from hard to ductile depending on the loads.

Lithosphere

The next geosphere in turn is the lithosphere. This layer lies on the mantle and has a thickness of about a hundred kilometers. We know this part of the planet as the earth's crust. It is characterized by great rigidity along with excessive brittleness. Granites and basalts make it from the top to the bottom. The relief of the crust is divided into two parts:

• Oceanic,
• Continental.

These two species differ from each other in composition and structure. If we consider the continental type of the lithosphere, then its upper layer basically consists of elements such as oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. It can be said that this part includes granite rocks, but the basaltic magmas are located deeper. The oceanic part has always been below the level of the world's oceans, and therefore it has not been touched by the changes that the terrestrial part underwent during the evolutionary process. The closer the oceanic plate to the continent, the greater its thickness. Soil is what lies on the surface of the lithosphere. It appears after the influence of a number of factors. It is this layer that strives for proper interaction with the environment.

Hydrosphere

This geosphere is what we call the water shell of the planet. This includes all the water on the Earth, in whatever state it is: liquid, solid, gaseous. This is a continuous layer, as water forms a cycle. This layer is represented on the planet by the seas, oceans, lakes and rivers, underground waters and glaciers. Water has a unique climate-generating property on the planet.

Atmosphere

And, of course, when describing the Earth's geosphere, one can not ignore the atmosphere. This is the same layer of air that we need so much for life. It is about this layer that scientists and ecologists often say so often. The composition of this sphere is approximately the following:

• 78% - nitrogen;
• 21% oxygen;
• 1% - inert gases, hydrogen, carbon dioxide.

As these figures change, the climate changes and the problems of the inhabitants of the planet begin. For a proper life on the planet, this is exactly the balance of numbers.

The atmosphere also has several parts that differ in their characteristics. The main determining characteristics are the temperature and pressure parameters in each layer. So, we distinguish such layers in the atmosphere:

• troposphere;
• stratosphere;
• ionosphere;
• mesosphere;
• thermosphere;
• exosphere.

All layers are interrelated, and all need to be taken care of for the benefit of life on our planet. The bad state of one geosphere will necessarily affect the property of another sphere, and as a result, equilibrium will be violated.