What is the Lorentz force?

What is the Lorentz force? Imagine an environment that permeates the lines of tension of the electromagnetic field. If any electric charge is placed in this region (this can be either an elementary particle or a charged body), then it will be affected by F, called the "Lorentz force". One of the key moments is the particle's acceleration. In other words, the charge is mobile. There is a formula for the numerical determination of its effective value:

F = Q * (E + ((1 / c) * v) * B),

Where Q is the charge; E is the electric field strength; B is the intensity of the magnetic field; V is the velocity of the particle carrying the charge; C is the speed constant of light.

This is just one of the ideas. There is a more complicated writing that allows one to determine what the Lorentz force is equal to, the direction of the vectors and their potentials are also taken into account.

As already indicated (and can be seen from the formula), a mandatory condition is motion. The fact is that when the charge moves due to its interaction with the field, there is an EMF (electromotive force). And it does not matter at all what the nature of the impact that initiated the movement (gravitational, the action of charges on each other, etc.).

In comparison with other influences, the Lorentz force is directly interconnected with Lenz's conclusions and obeys its Rule. Let us recall the essence of the latter. The action exerted by the electromotive force on the charge moving in the field is always oriented in this way (this is a vector quantity) to prevent any changes in acceleration.

We can say that the Lorentz force is determined by the Coulomb interaction of charges and two additional components associated with motion - the action of magnetic force and electric field. Usually, to explain the processes occurring, the following model is used: in a magnetic field with induction vectors B, there is a conductor section of length L and a cross-sectional area S, along which current I flows. The latter directly depends on the number of charge carriers Q per unit volume for a certain time That is, with speed v). Hence, the sought-for force (Lorentz) is the ratio of the external force exerted on each charge carrier in the volume of the conductor under consideration to the number of charges.

If we consider vector quantities, the Lorentz force is always perpendicular to the directions of velocity and induction. You can very easily determine its orientation, if you use the well-known rule of the left hand. To do this, one should mentally place the palm of the left hand next to the conductor so that the four fingers show the direction in which the electric current flows, and the field induction vector is perpendicular to the palm. As a result, the thumb (the right angle with the others) will indicate the vector of the force acting on the charges. One of the features of this force is that it changes only the direction of the velocity vector of each charged particle, without changing the energy of motion (kinetic energy).

After a time after the discovery, the use of Lorentz force was found. One of the most famous is its manifestation in the Hall effect. It is due to it in this phenomenon that the charge shifts and the appearance of potential on the conductive plate (tape). The Hall effect is widely used in various measuring instruments and sensors. Also, it is worth noting the principle of CRT CRTs, which use the deflecting effect of a directed magnetic field on a moving charged particle: electrons emitted by electrodes ("guns") on a surface covered with phosphor are deflected to points with known coordinates precisely due to the interaction of lines of field strength and charge of moving particles .