The geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod. Distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod is a very original city, with its unique unique way of life, however, in many respects similar to other large Volga towns. One way or another, he is one of those that Russia is rightly proud of.

Nizhny Novgorod: location, status

The city is located in the European part of the country, where the Oka and Volga merge. It is the administrative center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the capital of the Volga Federal District. From 1932 to 1990 it was called Gorky. The population is 1280 thousand people (according to 2009, it takes the 5th place in the Russian Federation). The largest industrial, transport, scientific and cultural center of the country.

The geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod

Those who are interested in how to find Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia, you should know that the city is located on the two banks of the Oka. The river divides it into parts. Its mouth is the geometric center of the East European Lowland. At the same latitude with Nizhny Novgorod there are such cities as Bratsk, Sergiev Posad, Krasnoyarsk, Yekaterinburg, Rzhev. The nearby cities are: Bogorodsk, Dzerzhinsk, Bor, Kstovo. The area of Nizhny Novgorod is 410 square meters. On the right bank of the Oka are the famous Dyatlovy Mountains. One of the parts of the city, located on the right bank, is called Nagornaya. Its height above sea level is 100-200 m. The height of the left bank - Zarechny - 70-80 m, it is more gentle.

Nizhny Novgorod is rightfully called "the city of lakes and rivers". In addition to the Volga and the Oka River, its territory is crossed by about ten rivers and small rivers. Within the city limits there are up to thirty lakes, the largest of which is Meshcherskoye (Kanavinsky district). Time is used here in Moscow. Time zone of the city: UTC + 3, in summer: UTC + 4. Phone code of the Lower: +7 831. Automobile: 52-152

History: the founding of the city

The topic "The geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod" is inextricably linked with the question of its historical past. The date of the city's appearance is 1221 year. Its founder is Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Because of the location downstream of Veliky Novgorod, the city was named Nizhny Novgorod. Initially, it was a stronghold in the defense of the Vladimir principality from enemy raids.

In 1341 became the capital of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality. Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia in the historical atlas, reflecting the boundaries of the Russian lands of those times, occupies the territory between the river. Sura in the east, in the south-east and south - the river. Drunk and r. Sergei. On the western side, his natural boundary was Oka. The northern border of the principality was the Kerzhenets, Vetluga and Unzh rivers. Remains of castles-fortresses (served to protect the borders of the principality) are still available today for tourists.

In the fifteenth century, during the centralization of the lands of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod was annexed to the Moscow principality. The significance of the city as a guard outpost of the eastern borders of the Moscow principality was very great. In preparing the campaigns in Nizhny Novgorod in those days, troops gathered. In order to strengthen the defense power, the wooden Kremlin was rebuilt. In its place was built a stone, which became the symbol of Nizhny Novgorod.

"Troubled Times"

This period is considered an important milestone in the history of the glorious city, and also made its changes in the geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod. In Troubled time in Nizhny Novgorod was organized by the center of the militia, headed by Nizhny Novgorod K. Minin and D. Pozharsky. Thanks to the militia, Moscow was liberated from the Polish interventionists, who captured the capital.

In the 17th century, marked by a church schism, in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod on the banks of the river Kerzhenets and others, the Old Believers settled. On Nizhny Novgorod land prominent church figures of the era were born - Patriarch Nikon and Protopop Avvakum, who took different positions in this schism.

In 1719, during the reformation of Peter I, Nizhny Novgorod received the status of a provincial city.

XIX century: rapid development of the economy and trade

Favorable geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod was the reason that in the XIX century, rapid development of economy and trade began here. He is associated with the fact that during this period from Macarius to Nizhny Novgorod moved the largest in terms of turnover of the famous fair. Since then, the city has become known as the "pocket of Russia". In the villages adjoining Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavino and Sormovo, which later became part of the city, industry developed actively. In the 19 century (60-ies), there was a railway. In 1896, the first car appeared.

The active development of the economy affected the population of the region. The number of inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod has increased significantly since the beginning of the 19th century (14 thousand) to 1913 (111 thousand).

Bitter

The Soviet government of the province was abolished. The city was transformed into the center of Nizhny Novgorod. In 1932, Nizhny Novgorod in honor of the famous writer-countryman M. Gorky received his name. At the same time, GAZ started its work, an automobile plant, which is still the largest enterprise of the city. In the 30s of the 20th century, industry in the city developed particularly rapidly. By 1941 (the beginning of the Great Patriotic War), Gorky became the largest industrial center of the Soviet Union. By the end of the 30th the population of the city had grown to 643 thousand people.

War

During the war, Gorky produced a huge amount of ammunition and military equipment. The famous GAZ has turned into one of the largest objects of the defense industry.

In the years after the war, Gorky was developed as a scientific, industrial, cultural and transport center.

Lower today

In the early 90's, the city's population reached 1,435,000. (4 th place in the Russian Federation). In 1990, Nizhny Novgorod was returned to its historical name. This was the beginning of the newest period of its history.

Today, Nizhny Novgorod is a giant center for the development of industry, information technology, education and science. The city attracts numerous tourists with its cultural, historical and architectural monuments. Under the decision of UNESCO Nizhny Novgorod entered the honorary list of one hundred cities of the planet, which have a great historical and cultural significance.

Administrative-territorial organization

Oka divides Nizhny Novgorod into two parts. Officially they are called the Mountainous and Zarechny administrative districts. The modern administrative structure of Nizhny Novgorod was finally formed in 1970. Today the city is divided into 8 districts. The mountainous district consists of three districts: Soviet, Nizhny Novgorod and Prioksky. Zarechny includes Sormovsky, Kanavinsky, Leninsky, Avtozavodsky, and also the Moscow region.

Nizhny Novgorod, divided in two by Oka, has other traditional names. It consists of two parts, consider its inhabitants - "upper" (it is also "city") and "lower". So in the language of Nizhny Novgorod, two city beaches are called.

These districts include thirteen settlements: the villages of Near Konstantinovo, Beshentsevo, Kuznechikha, Mordvintsevo, Lyakhovo, Olgino, Novaya, Novopokrovskoye, Podnovye (Sloboda); Settlements: Ray and Birch Plain, "Suburban" (school), Green City (a holiday village).

The largest of the districts is Avtozavodsky, and the smallest area and the most densely populated is the Leninsky district.

Centre

A typical representative of the district is the Nizhny Novgorod region. Almost the whole territory of the district is occupied by the city historical center. Nizhny Novgorod has the right to be proud of its sights. Among them there are those that deserve special attention.

Long since the center (Nizhny Novgorod hospitably invites guests here) consists of several parts:

• The Kremlin (located on Sentinel Hill).
• Upper Posad (from the south adjoins the Kremlin).
• Lower Posad (located on the banks of the rivers Oka and Volga).
• Zapochain (the opposite bank of the river Pochayni).
• The scallop (on Yarilina mountain).
• New Construction (south of the Great Ostrog).
• Sloboda: the Panskaya, the Annunciation, the Soldier's, the Akulinina.

Especially popular with tourists is, first of all, the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, equipped with numerous watchtowers. On its territory is the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Cathedral, erected in the middle of the 16th century. The central square is pl. Minin and Pozharsky - the Dmitrov Tower occupies the "main entrance" to the Kremlin. Nearby starts the street. Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, which is a favorite place for visitors to the city and the citizens of Nizhny Novgorod.

The central streets of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the area of Minin, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, the embankment of Fedorovsky and Verkhne-Volzhskaya not only please the eye, but also can tell a lot about the history of the city. For all of Russia the famous Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the Chkalovskaya staircase, the Comedy Theater, the Opera and Ballet Theater, the Drama Theater are only a part of the attractions that attract many tourists every day.

Nizhny Novgorod region - the main site for the construction of luxury housing. Prestigiousness of the district and its high cost have become the reason that the cost of housing here reaches 130 thousand rubles. Per square meter. This is almost double the average price in the city. The most expensive is the accommodation in the historical center. It is especially appreciated on the Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment: a magnificent view of the Volga opens from the windows of its houses. In the area there are new buildings equipped with an intelligent management of communications, electronic access system, video surveillance, penthouses, climate control, etc.

On the streets, somewhat more distant from the center, you can find quality, but more affordable housing. The price per square meter in some housing complexes of the district - from 38 000 rubles.

Sormovo

The building of the lower part of the city occurred later. All areas here appeared and rebuilt around industrial centers - factories. The lower part is originally a "working" Nizhny Novgorod. The Sormovo region, famous for its labor dynasties, and others included in the Zarechny administrative district, were designed and built to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises. All necessary goods were available to residents within the district: housing and garage cooperatives were organized, department stores, swimming pools, etc. were opened.

The older generation, the indigenous inhabitants of the Sormovo district, the so-called Sormovo residents, whose life from youth to gray hair is given to work in factories, recall that every morning the district woke up factory calls, and workers began to converge from the outskirts to factories.

There were times when the need to move people between areas, including between the opposite banks of rivers, was minimized. Today, universal motorization provides for the smooth flow of human flows from the upper part of the city to the lower one and vice versa.

The Sormovo district became part of Nizhny Novgorod in 1928. Before that, he belonged to the Balakhna region, in addition, for some time he was in the status of an autonomous city. The center of the district is represented by the shipbuilding giant - the Krasnoye Sormovo plant. This is the largest enterprise in Russia, producing submarines, dry cargo ships, and in wartime - tanks.

In Sormovo there are: a park, libraries, a cinema, shopping and entertainment centers, a good transport interchange. The peculiarity of the area is that next to the colorful storefronts and modern buildings of shopping centers in the immediate neighborhood are two-storey wooden "working" barracks of the 19th century. The main buildings are 5- and 9-storey buildings, erected in the middle of the 20th century. The area is attractive primarily for the opportunity to purchase housing, which is the most affordable in the city.

According to analysts, the streets of Nizhny Novgorod, where there are houses with the cheapest apartments (from 28,000 rubles per square meter), are located in Sormovo. This street. Planetary and Oak forest. But it should be borne in mind that they are on the very outskirts of the city. Housing here is of rather poor quality. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that this district is surrounded by a railway. Settled here, you will need to stand idle every morning in traffic jams on the level crossings.

Moscow District

In the north with the Sormovsky district, and in the south - with Kanavinsky borders the Moscow region. Nizhny Novgorod is rightly proud of its glorious heroic history. No less glorious and significant role the region plays in the modern life of the city.

The birch-floodplain settlement that entered it is strongly stretched from the west to the east of the border of the district. In the northeast, its territory borders on the Volga River. The number of residents here is more than 12 thousand people (according to 2012 data). The area of the district is 3 thousand hectares, the density of the population: on 1 hectare - about 46 people. The district received its name from the Moscow highway, a street that is part of the Federal Highway.

A particular feature of the Moscow region is a significant concentration of uninterruptedly operating scientific and industrial enterprises producing equipment for submarines, aviation, etc. These are the factories: machine-building, aviation (Sokol), the leading Russian design organization of nuclear engineering - OKBM them. Afrikantova, etc. Here, the workers of these enterprises settle, as well as those who need affordable housing in a fairly quiet area with developed infrastructure.

For entertainment in the Moscow area there is a park of culture and recreation, the stadium "Polet", the zoo "Limpopo", the largest in the city, where families with children come.

Housing is represented in all the diversity, but still prevail all known Khrushchev. New houses are not built very actively. The cost of housing in the area - from 38 thousand rubles.

The district has developed trade, infrastructure and transport, culture and education.

Street names

The streets of Nizhny Novgorod in a number of their names keep a historical memory. For example, the name of ul. Osypnoy (present Piskunova) comes from the word "scree" (mound) and recalls the fortifications built here. Large, Small and 3rd Yamskaya were named in honor of Yamskaya Sloboda, where coachmen had long lived. The names of the streets of Kovalikh, Kuznachikha, Spinning, Kanatnaya, Torgovaya, etc. came from the occupations of their inhabitants. At the heart of the names of ul. Noble (October) and Meshchanskaya (Brothers Matusov) is a class status. The names of the streets were given also in accordance with the names of the Orthodox churches near the Orthodox: Alexander Nevsky, Pokrovskaya (Bolshaya and Malaya), Tikhonovskaya, Barvarskaya Alekseevskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya, etc. In the Soviet years, the streets were also named after the revolutionaries: Sverdlov, Figner, Volodarsky , Dzerzhinsky and others.

Postal codes

Indices of Nizhny Novgorod can be found by contacting the post office staff or by opening the "Unified list of city postcodes" on the site. Here you can find out not only the data of city streets. The section "Indices of Nizhny Novgorod" will also provide information on the settlements within the city. Users should be aware that in the beginning the indices of intra-urban settlements are located in the list, then - streets with numbers in the names and streets, located in alphabetical order.

Distance to Moscow

Many are interested in the question of the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod. Sources give somewhat contradictory answers. So, some give the data that if you go on the road, the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod is 421 km, the straight path length can be reduced (402 km). To overcome the distance between Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow by car you can in 6 hours 21 minutes. In countries where the non-metric system of measures is adopted (the distance is measured in miles), 262 miles. Others report that this distance for driving by car is 419 km. The journey takes 5 hours and 42 minutes. The length of the air route is 400 km. Time - 40 minutes. Still others have calculated that the shortest path from Nizhny to Moscow is 413 km. This path lies through Vladimir. On a car it can be overcome in 6 hours 15 minutes. But if Vladimir go round, this distance will be longer by 3 km. It will be 416 km, while the journey time will be shortened by about 25 minutes.

Distance to Saint-Petersburg

No less relevant is the question, what is the distance from Nizhny Novgorod to St. Petersburg. The distance from Nizhny Novgorod to St. Petersburg, as many travelers assure, is: on the highway - 1,126 km, on the straight - 896 km. The time to overcome this distance by car is 16 h 01 min. According to the non-metric measurement system, the length of the route from St. Petersburg to Nizhny Novgorod is 700 miles.