Aircraft: general definition and features

Interaction with the air masses, with which the aircraft is maintained in the atmosphere, has significant differences from the relationship with air reflected from the surface of the Earth. The term "aircraft" is defined by the current legislation of the country, as well as the Chicago Convention. In Russia, all ships intended for flight operations are registered in a certain order. This is a necessary condition in accordance with established laws.

Definition of the aircraft

Not all aircraft are considered to be aircraft. Apparatus that rises and moves in the air only because of reactive traction or inertia, does not apply to them. These are vessels with a certain principle of support, missile and space technology, unguided balloons.

Apparatus for flights are divided into classes. Below are the main of them:

• A - free balloons;
• B - controlled aerostats (airships);
• C - aircraft and others;
• S - spacecraft.

Civil vessels (types)

Aircraft of civil aviation are divided into 2 types: general and commercial purposes, depending on the purposes of their use.

If the vessel is involved in the field of airline activities, on a commercial basis carrying people and various goods, it is classified as a commercial vessel. If the aircraft is used for personal or business flights, it refers to general aviation.

At present, the demand for a second type of aviation is increasing. It is inherent in it to carry out tasks that aviation, which operates on a commercial basis, can not solve. A civil aircraft of general aviation is able to transport small loads. It is used in aviation sports, for the transportation of tourists, as well as for other purposes. This aircraft has the ability to significantly save passengers time.

The vessels of this aviation do not fly on a schedule, they do not need a large airfield to take off and land. People using this type of civil aviation can choose the route to their destination, but they do not need to register and register air tickets.

Aircraft are unofficially classified by their specific gravity. They can be lighter or heavier than airspace. Light vessels (balloon, airship) can rise into the atmosphere without resorting to the help of a special power plant, and heavy (aircraft, glider) can not do it. Heavy air vessels have differences in the design by which they are maintained in the atmosphere.

Aircraft flight (classification)

Flights of these vessels are classified according to their purpose, piloting and navigation (instrument and visual), the area of operation, altitude, terrain and time of day.

By appointment, flights are classified into:

• Transport, carrying people and various goods;
• Carrying out aviation work related to agriculture, construction, nature protection and other areas of activity;
• Training, intended for training flight crew;
• Training, used to consolidate the knowledge of pilots;
• Research, necessary for carrying out various works, and others.

By the district of fulfillment they are: airfield, area, route and off-piste.

In height flights are divided into those passing on very small, small, medium, large, stratospheric heights.

Depending on the factor over which terrain they are produced (above the plain, mountains, desert, water surface, polar territories), flights also have their own specific qualifications.

Requirements for the crew

The crew of the aircraft is responsible for its functioning. It may include people who have a full baggage of special knowledge and have qualification documents that confirm this fact. The flight crew of the crew can be admitted to conducting flights only by the decision of the medical commission, must have the hours necessary for the work.

Certain standards, which must correspond to the crew, are prescribed in the Air Code of our country.

Flight crew of the crew

The commander, co-pilot, flight engineer are usually members of the flight crew of the crew. The commander is responsible for the safety of the aircraft and persons present on board. He keeps under control all the work carried out on board the ship, having for this all the necessary powers.

The co-pilot is an assistant commander, he is entitled to perform his duties.

The flight engineer directly monitors the state of the mechanisms and equipment, without the well-coordinated work of which the aircraft can not function properly.

Technical staff

The main duty of flight attendants is to control the safety of passengers, the implementation of actions established by special regulations. In the event of an unusual situation, these people are responsible for carrying out the evacuation of passengers. Also flight attendants are obliged to create comfortable conditions for persons on board.

The service personnel are subordinate to the senior flight attendant, who coordinates his actions with the commander.

The aircraft is always controlled by people - flight personnel or by remote means. At any moment of flight, a person can control the process of his work.