What is social interest? Forms of social interaction

The content of human life is largely determined by its relationship with others. The quality of interrelations, in turn, is determined by the psychological characteristics inherent in the individual. They include, among other things, the direct reaction of a person to others. It can be positive or negative. Of particular importance is the attitude towards others in the work of a psychologist. Effective assistance is impossible without manifesting a sincere interest in the person's personality, his problems. This is due to the need to provide psychologically comfortable conditions for the development of internal resources in addressing topical issues. . In this regard, social interests are of particular importance. Let's consider them in detail.

Terminology

The author of the concept of "social interest" is the Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler. He himself could not give an exact definition of the term. He described it as a feeling inherent in man. At the same time, Adler gave him therapeutic value. признак психического здоровья. In his opinion, social interest is a sign of mental health. He acts as the basis for integrating the individual into the environment and eliminating the feeling of inferiority.

Social interests of society

Man seeks to know everything that can satisfy his needs. одна из ключевых движущих сил жизнедеятельности любого индивида. Social interest is one of the key driving forces of the life of any individual. It is directly related to needs. Needs are focused on the subject of satisfaction, a specific set of spiritual and material benefits. . In turn, the social interests of people are directed at the conditions that will enable them to receive.

Specificity

The interests of social groups are conditioned by the presence of an element of juxtaposition of individuals with each other. Each association has its own needs. Within each of them, participants tend to create certain conditions for their satisfaction. неотъемлемый атрибут статуса индивида. Specific social interest is an inalienable attribute of the status of the individual. He is present in connection with such concepts as duties and rights. существуют в объединении, будет зависеть характер его деятельности. The nature of his activities will depend on what social interests exist in the association. However, in any case, it will focus primarily on preserving or transforming the orders, institutions, norms on which the process of distributing goods that meet certain needs depends. In this connection, we must speak about differentiation. действительности у каждого индивида различно. The manifestation of interest in relation to social reality for each individual is different. Here you can draw an analogy with different levels of income, conditions of rest and work, prestige, prospects.

Features of the implementation

The considered category forms the basis for any manifestations of competition, cooperation, struggle. устоявшийся институт. The usual social interest is an established institution. He is not subject to discussion and is recognized by all. In accordance with this, he gets the status of lawful. For example, in multinational countries, representatives of different ethnic groups show an interest in preserving their culture and language. To do this, special classes are created, schools in which appropriate training is conducted. Any attempt to violate such interest, to hinder its manifestation is regarded as an encroachment on the life-style of the social group, community, state. This is confirmed by historical experience. It shows that social groups do not voluntarily give up their interests. It does not depend on moral and ethical considerations, appeals for humanism, taking into account the characteristics of the other side or association. On the contrary, history indicates that each group seeks to consolidate the achieved success in the expansion of its interest. Often this happens because of the infringement of the rights of other associations.

Social interests and forms of social interaction

As the basic kinds of mutual relations cooperation and rivalry act. индивидов. They often manifest the socio-economic interests of individuals. Rivalry is often identified, for example, with competition. Cooperation, in turn, is close in meaning to cooperation. It involves participation in one business and manifests itself in a variety of specific interactions between individuals. It can be business partnership, political union, friendship and so on. Cooperation is seen as the basis for unity, the manifestation of mutual support and mutual assistance. Rivalry occurs when there is a discrepancy or overlap of interests.

Distinctive features of cooperation

First of all, cooperation of individuals implies the existence of a common interest and the implementation of activities to ensure its protection. As a result, several people are united by a single idea, tasks and goals. This is how social movements and political parties are created. Within the framework of such cooperation, all parties are interested in achieving one result. Their goals determine the specifics of the activity. Often, cooperation involves reaching a compromise. In this case, the parties themselves determine what concessions they are willing to take to realize the common interest.

Rivalry

In such a situation, people, pursuing their social interest, confront each other. One participant tries to surpass the other in order to achieve the goal. In this case, the interests of the other party are considered as obstacles. Often, within the rivalry arises hostility, envy, anger. The strength of their manifestation will depend on the form in which confrontation is expressed.

Competition

It differs somewhat from the form of interaction discussed above. Competition involves the recognition of the interests and rights of the opposing party. At the same time, within the framework of such cooperation, the "enemy" may not be known. An example is the competition of applicants. In this case, competition is due to the fact that candidates are more than the number of places provided by the university. At the same time, the applicants do not usually know each other. All their actions are aimed at getting the admissions committee to recognize their abilities. Competition, therefore, more involves the demonstration of their skills and skills than a direct impact on the opponent. However, there are cases when one of the parties to such interaction can neglect the rules. In this situation, the participant has a direct effect on competitors to eliminate them. At the same time, rivals try to impose their will on each other, force them to renounce their claims, change their behavior, and so on.

Conflicts

They have long been considered an integral part of social life. A large number of authors addressed the issue of the essence of the conflict. For example, Zdravomyslov says that such a confrontation is a form of relationship between actual and potential participants in social relations, whose motives are conditioned by opposing norms and values, needs and interests. Babosov gives a somewhat expanded definition. The author says that social conflict is a limiting case of contradictions. It is expressed in the variety of methods of struggle between individuals and their associations. The conflict is aimed at achieving social, economic, spiritual, political interests and goals, eliminating or neutralizing the alleged rival. Struggle involves creating obstacles to meeting the needs of the other party. In Zaprudsky's opinion, the conflict is a hidden or obvious state of the confrontation of interests that objectively diverge with each other, a special form of the historical movement toward a transformed social unity.

conclusions

What is combined the above opinions? Usually one participant has certain non-material and material values. First of all, they are power, authority, prestige, information, money. Another subject has them or not, or they are, but in insufficient quantity. It is possible, of course, that the possession of these or other goods can be imaginary and exist only in the imagination of one of the participants. However, if one of the parties feels constrained in the presence of some values, a conflict will arise. It presupposes a specific interaction of individuals or their associations within the confrontation of incompatible interests, attitudes, views-confrontation over the multitude of life support resources.

Benefit and harm

There are two main views on the conflict in the literature. Some authors point to its negative side, the latter, respectively, to a positive one. In fact, we are talking about favorable and unfavorable consequences. They can be integrative or disintegrative. The latter contribute to increased bitterness, the destruction of normal partnerships. They distract the subjects from solving urgent and urgent tasks. Integrative consequences, on the contrary, contribute to greater cohesion, a clearer understanding of their interests, and an expeditious search for a way out of difficult situations.

Analysis

Changes in social relations in modern conditions are accompanied by an expansion of the sphere of manifestation of conflicts. This is due to various factors. Speaking of Russia, the preconditions for expanding the sphere are involvement in the social life of a large number of social groups and territories. The latter are inhabited and homogeneous in ethnic composition and heterogeneous ethnic groups. Interethnic social conflicts generate migration, confessional, territorial and other problems. As experts point out, in modern Russia there are two types of hidden opposition. The first is the conflict between employees and owners of production assets. It is conditioned by the need to adapt to new market conditions, which differ substantially from the previous model of management. The second conflict involves a poor majority and a rich minority. This confrontation is accompanied by an accelerated process of stratification of society.