The best pear varieties in Belarus: overview, agricultural engineering, zoning

The geographical position of the country can not be called ideal for cultivating queen gardens - pears. Breeders are working on improving existing plants and introducing new ones. Varieties of pears in Belarus, as, indeed, everywhere, differ in terms of maturation, the quality of fruits and other signs. Zoning allows you to achieve the best harvest in a specific locality.

Pear

The mention of the pear can be found in the Old Russian annals, dated the twelfth century. Today several thousand varieties of this fruit tree are cultivated all over the world. Each has its own characteristics, which are due to the characteristics of the terrain, climate, soil, rainfall. Thermal love of a pear is a well-known fact, nevertheless breeders managed to bring out varieties that were well established in cooler climatic conditions.

Certain sorts of pears in Belarus (reviews of gardeners and amateur gardeners confirm this), regionalized for specific areas of the country, yield a perfect harvest. Sweet and tasty fruits have time to mature and please owners of gardens from the last week of July until the end of November.

Pears in Belarus

Over the past 20 years, the best varieties of pears for Belarus have been harvested by breeders of several scientific institutions. Among them are the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture (Michurinsk), the Belarusian Research Institute of Horticulture, the TSHA. Currently, dozens of varieties that have successfully passed the tests and recommended for cultivation in the climatic conditions of the country are available to horticulturists.

The most popular are:

1. Early Childhood:

• Lipensky.
• Lada.
• The August dew.
• Skorospelka from Michurinsk.

2. Late children:

• Chizhovskaya.
• Rogneda.
• Dukhmyanaya.
• The weather.

3. Autumn:

• Efimova is smart.
• The memory of Zhegalov.
• Caramel.

4. Winter:

• Belarusian late.
• Etude of Kiev.
• Kirghiz winter.
• November.

These trees are much better adapted to the climate of the country, less susceptible to disease than the old varieties - Bessemyanka or Tonkovetka. The popularity of the pear is gradually increasing, although the lack of information about the current achievements of breeding affects. Not all gardeners know about new products, there is not always an opportunity to purchase planting material. The assortment of plants is varied, it is possible to select the appropriate variety for its zone. Yield, resistance to disease and good adaptability to external conditions allow us to talk not only about amateur gardening, but also about the establishment of commercial gardens in the northern regions of Belarus.

Classification

Scientists classify pears on several grounds. Basic:

1. Use:

• Decorative - excellent for landscaping parks and gardens, the fruits are not edible, but the appearance is striking in the beauty of foliage;
• Fruit, in turn, can be:

• Technical - used in the food industry for processing;
• Dessert or canteen - eaten fresh;
• Universal - are suitable for both processing and for consumption in fresh form.

2. Terms of maturation:

• Summer or early - harvesting end of July - early August;
• Autumn or average - harvest in September-October;
• Winter or late - the fruits reach a removable maturity in the middle of autumn.

3. Fetal size:

• Large-fruited - 200-500 grams or more;
• Average - 80-200 grams;
• Small-fruited - 30-80 grams;

4. Degree of winter hardiness:

• Frost-resistant, do not freeze even at a temperature of -30-35 ⁰ C;
• Not winter hardy;

5. Taste of the fruit:

• Sweet;
• Sweet and sour;
• Tart-bitter (this taste is acquired because of the increased content of tannins in the peel).

6. Method of pollination:

• Self-fertilized - always yield a stable yield;
• Not self-pollinated - they need a pollinator of a particular variety.

Agrotechnics

Cultivated pear varieties in Belarus require the same care as trees grown in other climatic zones. Agrotechnics includes several points:

1. Landing. The best soil is loamy and clayey soil with deep groundwater. Sour liquor. The place is sunny and windless. Experts allow a spring landing, but recommend autumn - the end of September.

2. Additional fertilizing. In the planting pit, up to 10 kg of rotted manure is applied (can compost), 50 grams of superphosphate and 30 grams of potassium salt. The first four years under the tree bring nitrogen fertilizers and once a season add potassium top dressing. Since the fifth year, all fertilizers are embedded in grooves dug along the periphery of the crown.

3. Watering. Young seedlings are watered once a week, enough one bucket. In hot dry weather, the norm and frequency of watering are increased.

4. Crown pruning. It is carried out in the spring and autumn, remove the parallel and closely growing branches, shortening too long. The sections of the sections are treated with a garden crock or crushed charcoal.

In addition, mandatory work is carried out to prevent diseases, sanitary pruning, tillage, and warming (if necessary).

Zoned varieties

Different varieties of pears in Belarus are grown on many household plots and in commercial gardens. The most popular ones are listed in the zoning chart.

Summer

Summer pear varieties in Belarus, which have proved themselves well on the territory of the country, are:

1. Duchesse is a summer . Like almost all the early varieties of pears in Belarus, a plentiful crop yields in August. The weight of the fruit is up to 80 grams, the taste is sweet, tender, stored badly, no more than two weeks. Pulp is fine-grained, juicy, peel matte light yellow. Fruiting takes 7-8 years, it tolerates frosts well, it is resistant to scab.

2. Elegant Efimova . Represents summer-late varieties of pears in Belarus. The result of the crossing of Clupp and Tonkovetki. Fruits for the eighth year, gives stable high yields in early September. Fruits weighing up to 120 grams, greenish-yellow. Most of the pear is covered with a deep red blush. Pulp is sour-sweet, slightly tart, medium-juicy, white. Store for two weeks. Trees well withstand frost, resistant to scab.

Autumn

Autumn varieties of pears in Belarus (photos of fruits can be seen below) yield a harvest from early September to November. They are better kept in comparison with summer ones. Collection is carried out quickly (no more than 6-7 days), until the loss of presentable appearance and taste. Common varieties:

1. Chizhovskaya. Fruiting for 3-4 years, is distinguished by high yield. The weight of fruits is up to 140 grams. The matt skin is smooth, yellow, there is a slight blush. The taste of the pear is sour-sweet, the flesh is yellowish or white, medium juiciness. Collected in late August, stored up to 3 months. The variety tolerates unfavorable weather conditions, frost-resistant.

2. It's just Maria. Fruit-bearing begins on the 3rd year, the yield is stable. Large, weighing up to 190 grams of fruit with a delicate oily pulp. The skin is light yellow with a slight pink blush. Resistant to pests and diseases, not afraid of frost. Harvest in the autumn, the fruits can persist until November.

Winter

Winter pear varieties in Belarus are popular with amateur gardeners. A distinctive feature of the fruits of such varieties is their keeping quality (you can store until the spring). Fruits try to collect as late as possible, but at the same time avoiding their shedding. There are several varieties, most adapted to the climate of the country:

1. Kirghiz winter. Gives a stable high yield for 6-7 years. Collect pears begin in the first week of October, still green, with a slight pink blush. Weight reaches 250 grams. Complete maturation is in December, the skin becomes yellow, and the blush becomes crimson. Fruits have a wonderful taste, pleasant aroma, pulp is white, juicy. The variety safely tolerates frost and drought, is resistant to scab.

2. Belarusian late. Fruits for the 5th year. The maximum yield, up to 90 kg from a tree, gives for the 10th year. Fruits weighing an average of 100 grams, sweet with a refreshing sourness. The pulp is juicy, white, slightly oily. Suitable for use from October to February. May last until May (in cold rooms). The skin is dull, rough, orange-yellow, sometimes covered in raspberry blush. Frost resistant variety, not affected by scab, is popular in the central and southern regions of the country.

New varieties

Popular and widespread pear varieties in Belarus are gradually losing their resistance to diseases. Bare Slutsk, Oleaginous, Belarusian late in the years with a raw and cool summer massively amazed scab. Scientists aspire not only to bring out new varieties, but also to adapt the countries already available to the climatic conditions. The memory of Yakovlev, Chizhovskaya, Severyanka belong to the introduced varieties.

In 2005, new "pear-dwellers" of Belarus were added:

1. Lagoon - a hybrid of 81-13 / 64. Gives a periodic harvest for the 4th year. Fruits weighing up to 150 grams ripen in late August, the pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, coarse, with a pleasant tender fragrance. Peel green with numerous gray dots. Collected in late August, stored up to 3 weeks.

2. Fun is the seedling 5/20. Fruit trees for 5-6 years, the harvest is fairly stable, with the years growing. Fruits weigh up to 120 grams, peel rough, shiny, when photographed in the second half of September, greenish-yellow, after ripening (after 3 weeks) - golden yellow. The flesh is tender, sweet and sour, fragrant.

Vintage

The Belarusian Research Institute of Fruit Growing offers apple and pear varieties in Belarus that most fully meet the requirements of gardeners and the food industry. During the work (since 1925), experts have studied more than 1000 samples of different varieties.

Selected and recommended for zoning pears yield a decent harvest. Record was 2006-2007 and 2009-2010, when the gross yield reached 61 000 tons.

Using

Pears are mostly used fresh. Fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals. Doctors recommend them as a dietary product with a low content of calories and sugar. From fruits cook compotes, jams, jams, harvest dried fruits. Very wide use of pear is found in cooking. And this is not only dessert dishes - the fruit is perfectly combined with meat products.

Wood has a unique quality - it is absolutely not subject to deformation. Architects use rulers made of pear tree. Exquisite interior items and furniture, made of black-worked pear wood, look expensive, as if from ebony.