The 7 most extreme scientists ever discovered by the scientists

Scientists have recently designated the hottest planet with a surface temperature higher than that of some stars. Since hunting for planets outside the solar system is constantly continuing, many other worlds with extreme characteristics were discovered. And ongoing research in the field of space also contributed to the discovery of some rather strange planets. The article presents the seven most extreme.

The hottest

How hot is the planet depends, first of all, on how close it is to its host star, and on how hot the star burns. In our system, Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun. It is located at a distance of 57,910,000 km. The daytime temperature is about 430 ° C, and the surface is heated to 5500 ° C.

The star HD 195689, known as KELT-9b, is 2.5 times more massive than the Sun. Its surface is heated to almost 10,000 ° C. The planet is located much closer to the host star than Mercury to the Sun.

The coldest

At a temperature of 223 ° C, the OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb acquired the status of the coldest planet. Probably, like the Earth, it will also be covered with rock formations. Although it is not too far from its host star in orbit, which placed it in the solar system somewhere between Mars and Jupiter, its master is a star known as a red dwarf.

This cold planet is widely mentioned in the movie "Star Wars." However, unlike its fictional prototype, it will not be able to withstand most of the atmosphere, and also be fit for life. This can be explained by the fact that some of the gases will be frozen, and the surface will be covered with solid snow.

The largest

If a planet can be as hot as a star, what then is the difference between them? Stars are much heavier than planets. They are ignited by the process of merging as a result of huge gravitational forces in the nuclei. Ordinary stars, for example our Sun, burn hydrogen in helium. But there is a form of stars called brown dwarfs. These stars are large enough to start some merging processes, but do not have enough size to support them.

The planet DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b is 28.5 times heavier than Jupiter. It's pretty big. Poetmu scientists are discussing the question of whether it can be ranked as a planet, or it is still a brown dwarf star. It is interesting that her host star is a confirmed brown dwarf.

The smallest

Kepler-37b is slightly larger than our moon and less than Mercury. It's the smallest exoplanet. Stony formation is closer to its host star than Mercury to the Sun. This means that this planet is very hot to maintain liquid water, and, therefore, life on its surface is impossible.

The oldest

PSR B1620-26 b has about 12.7 billion years. It is the oldest known planet. It is 2.5 times heavier than Jupiter.

PSR B1620-26 b has two host stars, rotating one around the other. The planet belongs to the category of neutron stars and white dwarfs. Since it was formed early in the history of the universe, it probably does not have enough of such heavy elements as carbon and oxygen, which were formed later. These elements are necessary for the evolution of life.

The youngest

The V830 Tauri planetary system is 2 million years old. The host star has the same mass as our Sun, but it is twice the radius, which means that it has not yet fully shrunk.

The planet is a gas giant with three quarters of the mass of Jupiter. She is probably still in the process of growth. This means that it acquires more mass, often colliding with planetary bodies such as asteroids, and this makes it an unsafe place.

Worst weather

If you touch on such a topic as the worst weather, then it will definitely go about Venus. The planet is the same size as the Earth. It is shrouded in clouds of sulfuric acid.

The atmospheric motion on Venus is much faster than the rotation of the planet itself, and the wind reaches a hurricane speed of 360 km / h.

Two-headed cyclones are kept above each pole. The atmosphere on Venus is 100 times denser than on Earth, and consists of carbon dioxide. As a result, the greenhouse effect creates infernal temperatures of at least 462 ° C on the surface, which actually makes it hotter than Mercury. Despite the dryness and hostility to life, this heat can be an explanation why there are less volcanoes on the surface of Venus than on the surface of the Earth.