Education, Languages
Euphemism - is it the replacement of rude words or the substitution of concepts?
Euphemism is what? Do not you remember? Or do not you know? Well, let's take a closer look. Remember, in the feature film "Brother-2" between the main characters, a dispute arose over how to properly address a person with dark skin: a Negro or an African American? In the Russian language, there is no fundamental difference between these two concepts: "Yes, I was taught in school: Chinese people live in China, Germans in Germany, in this ... Israel is Jews, in Africa - negros!" - Danila notes with surprise Bagrov. To which his companion replies: "The nigga is an insult to them." "Why did I recall this episode?" - you ask. Yes, because he accurately and vividly describes a linguistic phenomenon, like a euphemism.
In the above example, the word "African American" is a euphemism, a substitute word designed to soften the direct meaning of "sharp", in the opinion of Americans, the lexical unit "Negro". At us "Negro" is not insulting, caustic or humiliating, therefore does not require an alternative. And what euphemisms are common in the Russian language? Let's talk about this further.
As you have already understood, the euphemism is the use of softer, polite, non-offensive words or expressions. They replace the gross and tactless. The appearance and duration of the "life" of a particular euphemism are associated with the development of history, culture, with changes in the world outlook of society. For example, not so long ago, in the days of our grandparents it was not customary to pronounce what is considered the norm in modern society. For example, instead of the word "pregnancy" they said "a delicate situation", a hint of "sexual relations" served as "close relations, communication, live with someone", the phrase "rattan place" meant "toilet", the turn "jester with him "Instead of" hell with it "," baststryk "-" illegitimate "," to die "-" die "," mental illness "-" mental illness ", and so on. Basically it is a layer of vocabulary associated with the sexual side of life and with certain parts of the body. It can also include taboo on swear words and on mentioning the name of God, the devil, the dark forces before which people felt trembling or, on the contrary, superstitious fear. It can not be said that such kind of euphemisms completely disappeared.
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