Dimensions of the railway sleepers. Sleeper reinforced concrete: dimensions

Railway sleepers - the most important element of the construction of the corresponding highway. Their stability directly affects the stability of the infrastructure. The Russian Federation uses wooden and reinforced concrete structures. In relation to them, a number of important standards have been established that determine the size. What is their specificity?

Classification of wooden sleepers by types

The dimensions of a tie made of wood, in accordance with accepted state standards, should be correlated with its type. There are several reasons for the classification of the railway element in question.

Among the most common - the appointment. So, sleepers are divided into those that are intended for:

- Main ways 1, 2 class or 3-rd, provided that their load-carrying capacity exceeds 5 million t / km per year, or operated at a train speed exceeding 100 km / h;

- the main routes of grades 3 and 4, access roads (with intensive work), sorting, as well as receiving stations - at stations;

- Any paths classified to Class 5, including station, classified as inactive, as well as others that are characterized by maneuvering and removal type of traffic.

These varieties of paths are aligned using, respectively, I, II and III types of sleepers. In this regard, standardized indicators are established.

Moisture factor

The actual size of a railway sleeper made of wood may depend on the moisture level of the material. What does it mean? The fact is that the relevant values are relevant for humidity not exceeding 22%. If this indicator is greater than the specified value, then the dimensions of the sleeper should be considered taking into account the necessary allowances for shrinkage. Its value depends on the species of wood - coniferous or deciduous. A similar requirement has also been established with respect to the cross-sections of composite sleepers.

Permissible deviations in the dimensions of composite sleepers

The size of the sleeper may deviate from the norms fixed in the state standards, within the limits of acceptable values. As to length, it is 20 mm, thickness - 5 mm. Also, there are permissible deviations related to the width of the strata, the height of the sides, the distance between the bolts, and also their vertical deviation from the axis of the tie.

Standardized dimensions of wooden sleepers

Let us now consider, in fact, what the dimensions of wooden sleepers (HDD) can be, depending on the type.

As for the elements of the railway linetype I, the values should be as follows:

- thickness - 180 mm (permissible deviation of 5 mm);

- height of the sawed sides - 150 mm;

- the width of the upper plate is 180-210 mm;

- the width of the bottom plate is 250 mm (tolerance of 5 mm is permissible);

- length - 2750 mm (adjustment is allowed within 20 mm).

Concerning the sleepers of type II, its dimensions must meet the following criteria:

- thickness - 160 mm (permissible deviation of 5 mm);

- height of the sawed sides - 130 mm;

- the width of the upper plate is 180-210 mm;

- the width of the bottom plate is 230 mm (a tolerance of 5 mm is allowed);

- length - 2750 mm (the change is allowed within 20 mm).

In turn, sleepers of type III should correspond to the following indicators:

- thickness - 150 mm (a tolerance of 5 mm is allowed);

- height of the sawed sides - 105 mm;

- the width of the upper plate is 140-190 mm;

- the width of the bottom plate is 230 mm (a deviation of 5 mm is allowed);

- length - 2750 mm (adjustment within 20 mm is allowed).

So, we examined the requirements for the dimensions of wooden railway sleepers, which are established by state standards. But in the structure of the railway bed there is another important element of wood, used along with sleepers - transfer bars. Let us examine, in turn, the standards that are set by the state with respect to their size.

Dimensions of transfer bars: the criteria

Like the dimensions of the sleepers, the corresponding indices for the bars are determined by their type. There are also several grounds for the classification of the element under consideration. Among the main, as in the case where the dimensions of the sleeper are determined, is the designation.

So, the bars can be used:

- on the main roads of Class 1, Class 2 or Class 3, characterized by freight strength exceeding 50 million tons per kilometer per year, as well as the speed of trains exceeding 100 km / h;

- on the main roads belonging to grades 2, 3 and 4, access roads (with intensive work), as well as sorting and receiving operations that are present at stations;

- on routes classified to Class 5, including station, classified as inactive access roads and others, characterized by movement of maneuvering and removal type.

The indicated ways correspond to I, II and III types of transfer bars.

As in the case of sleepers, the moisture index is important. Thus, the standardized dimensions of transfer bars, characterized by a moisture index of more than 22%, should be considered taking into account the necessary allowance for drying. As is the case with the standards that determine the dimensions of the tie, in this case it matters which type of wood is used for making the beams - deciduous or coniferous. In the first case, the necessary criteria are contained in GOST 6782.1-75, in the second - the provisions of GOST 6782.2.-75 are used.

We will study, as in the case when we investigated wooden sleepers, the dimensions of the bars are correlated with their type.

Dimensions of transfer bars by type

If we are talking about the bars of type I, then their characteristics must correspond to the following values:

- thickness -180 mm (adjustment within 5 mm is allowed);

- width of the upper plate - 220 mm (broadened), 200 mm (wide);

- width of the bottom plate - 260 mm;

- The height of the sawed side is 150 mm.

- the width of the timber according to the unsheated elements is 300 mm;

Bars of type II must have the following characteristics:

- thickness -160 mm (a tolerance of 5 mm is allowed);

- width of the upper plate 220 mm (broadened), - 175 mm (normal);

- width of the bottom plate - 250 mm;

- height of the sawed side - 130 mm.

- the width of the bar along the non-cut elements is 280 mm;

With respect to the bars of type III, the following standards are established:

- thickness - 160 mm (the deviation within the limits of 5 mm is allowed);

- width of the upper plate - 200 mm (wide), 175 mm (normal);

- width of the bottom plate - 230 mm;

- height of the sawed side - 130 mm;

- The width of the beam according to the unsheated elements is 260 mm.

The length of the bars: the range of allowed values

But what are the indicators of the length of the beam? Unlike the standards governing the size of a wooden (railway) sleeper, when all values depend on the type of the corresponding element, it is assumed that the standards are fairly strict, in the case of bars - the length criteria are common to all their types. Moreover, the standards do not set a specific indicator, and the interval is from 3 to 5.5 meters with a gradation of 0.25 m with allowed deviations within 20 mm.

Bridge bars: specificity of standardization

So, we examined what are the standards governing the dimensions of the wooden sleepers (rail) and complementing it in the structure of the railroad railings. But there is another important component of the respective highways. It's about the bridge bars. Just as the size of the railway sleepers is regulated, this indicator for the component of railroads is also fixed in state standards. Let's study this specifics in more detail.

The material for manufacturing the bridge beams is wood. Their size is related to one parameter - the value of the cross section, as well as the permissible deviation. The main requirement for the bars is a rectangular shape. Corresponding elements of the railway trunks are with a cross-section:

- 220 by 240 mm;

- 220 to 260 mm.

Bridge bridges of both types, however, should have the same length - 3250 mm. But with regard to standardization of marginal deviations, the figures may vary. Thus, for bars with a cross section of 220 to 240 mm, the maximum deviation may be: minus 2 mm (thickness), 15 mm (length). Regarding the second type of railway elements, the indicators are different. So, thickness adjustments for bars with a cross-section of 220 to 260 mm are not provided, as well as along the length, but the width of the corresponding value, which is set in the standard, is 3 mm.

It can be noted that, according to the agreement with the customer, beams with other sections can be made-220 by 280 and 240 by 300 mm, having a length of 4.2 m.

As with the standards governing the size of the wooden (railway) sleepers, the length indicators of the bridge bars are set for products within a certain moisture level. In this case, 20%. If the bridge bars will have a higher humidity, then it is necessary to consider the size requirements taking into account the necessary allowances for shrinkage - in accordance with GOST 6782.1-75.

Reinforced concrete sleepers: classification

Alternatives to wooden sleepers can be reinforced concrete. These products are used on the main roads. They are classified as prestressed. They are used when laying the rails of types P75, P65, and also P50. There are quite a lot of reasons for the classification of reinforced concrete sleepers:

- by type of fastening with rails;

- for a variety of prestressed reinforcement;

- on electrically insulating characteristics;

- the level of quality of production.

In this case, we are interested in the first criterion - the way by which reinforced concrete is attached to the rails of the sleepers. The dimensions of the product and its other important characteristics are determined precisely on the basis of the features of the corresponding mechanism. So, depending on the type of fastening to the rails sleepers are:

- type Ш1, intended for separate fastening with the use of bolts by fixing the lining on the sleeper;

- type Ш2, intended for indivisible fastening with the use of bolts by attaching to the sleeper not only the lining, but also the rail;

- type Ш3, intended for indivisible fastening with the use of bolts by means of direct attachment to the railway sleepers.

Reinforced concrete sleepers: dimensions and other parameters

The most important criterion determining the required parameters of a reinforced concrete sleeper is its assignment to one of the above types.

So, if we are talking about a sleeper, classified as Ш1, then it should have the following characteristics:

- the required distance between the stop edges is 2016 mm;

- the distance between the corresponding edges of one end of the product is 406 mm;

- The height of the product in the under-rail section is 193 mm;

- The height of the product in the middle section is 145 mm.

The sleeper type Ш2 must have the following characteristics:

- distance separating the stop edges - 2016 mm;

- the distance between the corresponding edges of one end of the product is 406 mm;

- The height of the product in the under-rail section is 193 mm;

- The height of the product in the middle section is 145 mm.

The sleeper, classified as Ш3, must comply with the following parameters:

- the distance separating the abutting edges - 1966 mm;

- the distance between the corresponding edges of one end of the product is 359 mm;

- the height in the under-rail section is 193 mm;

- the height in the middle section is 145 mm.

These are the main characteristics, which, in accordance with state standards, should have reinforced concrete sleepers. Its dimensions in the part of length and width are most often fixed - 2700 and 300 mm, respectively. Deviations comparable to those recorded in relation to wooden products, for reinforced concrete elements in state standards are not provided. The size of a railway sleeper of the appropriate type does not imply a variability in relation to humidity and other environmental factors.

Ties wooden and reinforced concrete: common points and key differences

What other fundamental differences can be noted between reinforced concrete and wooden elements? The first thing that distinguishes, thus, the sleepers - the dimensions. Weight is also a significant criterion for the dissimilarity of the corresponding products. The index for wooden sleepers is about 80-85 kg, reinforced concrete - about 270 kg. The scope of both these and other does not differ significantly. Wooden sleepers, the sizes of which we investigated in the first place? Historically preceded reinforced concrete, but still have not lost their relevance. Moreover, they have a number of important advantages: cheapness, ease of transportation, replacement and transportation, resistance to overload.