Technical norms: definition, features, examples

. In the legal science, the existing regulations are divided into two major categories: social and technical norms . This is the most common classification. In both groups, in turn, there are certain types and types of rules. They are divided into many different features. Technical norms are investigated by lawyers insofar as it is necessary to distinguish them from another group of prescriptions, to establish distinctive features, objective criteria, features. Let's consider further the appointment of technical norms.

Specificity of delimitation

The division between technical and social norms is carried out primarily on the subject of their regulation. The latter regulate the interaction of people, their associations, that is, social processes. регулируют отношения человека и внешнего мира. Technical norms and rules regulate the relationship between man and the outside world. To them, for example, include the interaction of people and machines, tools, production links, etc. The peculiarity of this relationship is that on the other side there are inanimate objects. Accordingly, they are "semi-public".

Characteristic

Technical norms, of course, can not be identified with the laws of nature. The latter do not depend on the will of people. – продукт человеческой деятельности. At the same time, technology and technology are a product of human activity. Accordingly, the standards, behavior patterns when interacting with inanimate objects are determined by the people themselves. фиксируются в юридических актах. Some technical norms are fixed in legal acts. As a result, they become universally binding. . You can give various examples from life . So, at the state level there are GOSTs, SNiPs, regulations, regulations. They determine the procedure for working with equipment, quality standards. , в СНиПах требования к сооружениям, зданиям, строительным работам и пр. В некоторых юридических актах, наряду с предписаниями, присутствуют санкции за их нарушение. In the SDA there are provisions regulating the safety of the operation of transport , in the SNiPs requirements for structures, buildings, construction works, etc. In some legal acts, along with the prescriptions, there are sanctions for their violation.

An Important Moment

играют в настоящее время ключевую роль в производственном процессе. Technology and technology are currently playing a key role in the production process. The country has a huge number of enterprises producing a wide variety of products. It must meet the quality standards, because the health of the population and the ecological situation depend on it. The technical norms fixed in legal documents acquire qualitative characteristics of legal provisions. They are an expression of the state's will, are provided with the opportunity to use coercive measures against violators. регулируют специфическую, но исключительно важную сферу. Technical norms regulate a specific, but extremely important, sphere. Regulating their function is implemented in conjunction with other prescriptions. In this sense, they act as an addition to legislative requirements.

Household sphere

. It also uses technical norms . They are not fixed at the official, legal level. Accordingly, their violation can not lead to any liability. Nevertheless, their implementation is also important. , то среди таких предписаний можно назвать инструкции по использованию разных бытовых приборов (холодильников, телевизоров, магнитофонов), лекарственных препаратов и пр. If you give examples from life , then among such prescriptions can be called instructions on the use of various household appliances (refrigerators, televisions, tape recorders), medicines, etc.

Ecology

Far-reaching and very serious consequences arise in the event of a disturbance of the natural balance. Artificial interference in the ecological balance creates a threat to the normal life of people. The Russian legislation provides for different penalties for pollution of nature, damage to natural objects, ecosystems. . In the environmental sphere, their technical standards operate. They are aimed mainly at preserving the natural environment, ensuring the rational use of resources. Particular attention is paid to land and mineral resources, water and air. Any violation of regulations is fraught with catastrophes, an ecological crisis.

Importance of instructions

конструируется с учетом установленных требований. Modern technology is designed taking into account the established requirements. The equipment used in production combines high power and environmental friendliness. Special requirements are imposed on processing, extracting enterprises. Inattention, negligence, gross neglect of prescriptions can cause serious, and sometimes irreparable, consequences. An example of that disaster (Chernobyl), destruction, accident. From the observance of prescriptions in the literal sense depends the health and life of people. требует внимательного отношения, четкого следования инструкциям. Modern technology requires attentive attitude, strict adherence to instructions. Often people express dissatisfaction with the numerous standards and regulations. Some even believe that most of these requirements are not needed, because they too rigidly determine the order and nature of many human actions. Especially often you hear discontent from persons performing any official tasks.

Meanwhile, not every prohibition and injunction is evil. Many instructions are reasonable and extremely necessary today. Their observance is especially important for those workers who can depend on people's lives. They include, in particular, doctors, pilots, ship captains, etc. One should not forget that many of the prescriptions were the result of working on mistakes - they were formulated after analyzing catastrophes, accidents, emergency situations. In this regard, the objection to the instructions is unacceptable. For protests against regulations, there is often a simple reluctance to be under control, a desire to get rid of legal regulation and get full freedom of action. However, such behavior is likely to lead to sad consequences. Resistance should not be the introduction and application of instructions in general, but the use of obsolete rules that do not correspond to the current situation.

Relations between man and animals

Most of the norms governing these interactions are fixed in legal acts. At the same time, the attitude to both domestic and wild animals is regulated. For example, rules for the maintenance of cats and dogs, cattle, horses, prescriptions on the mandatory vaccination, prevention of diseases, surveys have been developed and are being applied. For violation of these requirements, liability is provided. To which group do you apply these prescriptions? They are not about technical aspects or about social relations, although they have a certain social significance. Experts believe that it is appropriate to refer such requirements to natural-legal ones. They regulate relations with representatives of nature and at the same time are fixed at the federal level in legislative acts.

Social norms

They are general models, patterns of behavior that have developed in society in the process of long-term practical human activity. As part of their development, people develop certain standards. They determine what can, and what a person can not do, how he or she should perform certain behavioral acts.

Kinds

Social norms are divided into:

1. Traditions and customs. These are rules of behavior that have become mandatory due to habit. Traditions and customs are repeated from generation to generation.
2. Moral standards. They assume the evaluation of behavioral acts of a person according to certain (fairly simple) criteria: good-bad, good-evil, etc. As a sanction for violation of moral principles, censure and condemnation of society.
3. Legal norms. They are fixed in legislative acts. Their enforcement is ensured by coercive measures.
4. Aesthetic norms. They assume an estimation of the person on a scale "attractive-ugly". As a rule, aesthetic norms are used in analyzing the natural landscape, works of art, and human actions.
5. Political principles. They act as regulators of people's activities related to power. These principles are expressed in international agreements, treaties, charters, conventions, declarations.
6. Religious norms. They are the commandments that are present in church ordinances, the Scriptures.
7. Corporate standards. They are established within the companies and are fixed in the charter, the code, agreements.

Role

For social regulations to really affect human behavior, people need to know these norms and strive for their implementation. Compliance with the requirements of the society, it is necessary to maintain a balance in the relationship. In this sense, social norms have the same meaning as driving regulations for drivers. If citizens do not comply with the regulations and ride on the opposite lane or get into the drunk, the traffic will become impossible and extremely dangerous.

Conclusion

Of course, the role of existing regulations can not be overemphasized. Despite the emerging discontent, contradictions, they perform the most important tasks, regulate the relationships of the subjects. The boundaries between social and technical norms are quite clear. However, in practice, prescriptions are often used in combination. Technical and social requirements ensure not only the stability of social relations, natural balance, but also the safety of life of the population, ecosystems, and property. In all spheres where a person creates any spiritual and material blessings, he must follow the prescribed rules. This rule applies to workers in a variety of professions. Lawyers are no exception. They also need to know and observe both technical and social requirements. The success of their activities largely depends on this.