Symptoms of cholecystitis in women and treatment. Chronic cholecystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, diet. Exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis

With pain in the right hypochondrium , many people cross the 30-year boundary. In this case, this symptomatology often occurs after a feast, on which fried, fatty foods are served, alcohol is consumed. Feeling so unwell, you can suspect cholecystitis. However, often pathology is diagnosed accidentally, during the examination. It is noted that the most common symptoms of cholecystitis in women. Many factors contribute to this.

Characteristics of the disease

What is this disease? It is an inflammatory process that takes place in the gallbladder. This organ is localized in the right hypochondrium. That is why, when the fair sex appears pain in the area, you can suspect that these are the symptoms of cholecystitis in women.

The gallbladder accumulates bile produced by the liver. Such secret on special ducts is excreted into the duodenum and takes part in the digestion of food. If the sphincters and nervous parasympathetic system function normally, the bile moves only in one direction.

But if asynchronous work of sphincters arises as a result of certain violations, the secret does not come out in full from the bubble, provoking pain and pressure in it. In this case, it is often observed that the contents from the intestine are thrown back into the ducts. Often, it contains an infection that freely penetrates into the bile, leading to its inflammation.

The mechanism of pathology development is understandable. Now let's look at why there are symptoms of cholecystitis in women, what are the sources of pathology development?

Causes of ailment

So, the main factor in the development of the disease is the penetration of the infection into the bladder.

Often such a state is dictated by the following reasons:

1. A variety of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. These can be pathologies that occur in an acute, chronic stage. As a rule, enterocolitis, pancreatitis, dysbacteriosis, appendicitis can lead to cholecystitis.
2. Infections of the sexual system of an inflammatory nature. Quite often the symptoms of cholecystitis in women provoke such a disease as adnexitis.
3. The defeat of the liver by viruses.
4. Parasitic invasion in the biliary tract. The basis of the disease may lie giardiasis, ascaridosis.

An important role in the development of pathology is played by additional factors:

1. Dyskinesia of bile ducts. With this disease, stagnation of bile is observed , its outflow is disturbed.
2. Reflux pancreatic. This is a pathology in which the contents of the intestine are again thrown into the ducts. As a result, the walls of the bladder under the action of enzymes and pancreatic juice are damaged.
3. Congenital anomalies. It's about the individual structure of the bubble. To the pathology may result in various partitions, the excesses of this organ.
4. Disturbed blood supply to the bladder. Such clinics are capable of provoking ailments: hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis. The flow of these diseases is characterized by a narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels.
5. Dyscholia. An ailment in which the composition of bile is broken and the walls of the bladder are damaged. An unpleasant clinic is most often caused by malnutrition (excessive addiction to fats or a monotonous diet).
6. Allergies, immunological reactions.
7. Endocrine disabilities. Quite often there are symptoms of cholecystitis in a woman taking oral contraceptives. In addition, the causes of illness can be disorders of the menstrual cycle, excess weight and pregnancy.
8. Hereditary factor.

Varieties of the disease

Pathology, depending on the course, can be:

1. Sharp. The disease develops over several days or hours. It is characterized by pronounced symptoms. Such a pathology in the case of timely application for medical assistance is quite favorable.
2. Chronic. If the acute form of the disease is not given due attention or the illness is treated incorrectly, then this stage develops in the patient. The disease can be asymptomatic. It develops, as a rule, gradually. Particular attention deserves chronic cholecystitis (symptoms and treatment). Diet in the fight against pathology plays one of the most important roles.

Chronic cholecystitis is divided:

• On slow (latent);
• Recurrent;
• Purulent-ulcerative.

According to the presence of concrements, two forms are distinguished:

• Without stones (without cholelithiasis);
• Calculous.

For a chronic ailment, the stages are:

• Remission;
• Exacerbation.

So, let's consider the features of such a pathology as chronic cholecystitis. Symptoms and treatment, diet and prevention of the disease are presented below.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

Very acute manifestations of acute cholecystitis. Symptoms that are typical for this form:

• Sharp pain, greatly increasing after eating;
• Vomiting;
• Diarrhea may occur;
• Metallic or bitter taste in the mouth;
• Hyperthermia.

However, with an acute form of the disease, only the inflammation of the mucous membrane is detected. A slightly different picture is observed if the patient is diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis. Symptoms of the disease with this form are less pronounced. However, the walls of the bile reveal atrophic and sclerotic changes. The chemical and physical parameters of bile also change.

The following symptoms of cholecystitis in women are observed (photos show such an unpleasant condition):

• Presence of constant pain in the region of the right hypochondrium;
• Discomfort significantly increased after eating fatty foods;
• Bitterness and dryness in the oral cavity in the morning;
• The periodic occurrence of nausea;
• Bloating;
• Liquid rare stool.

The pain syndrome in chronic pathology is not as pronounced as in the acute form. Often it is characterized as discomfort, wearing a aching, dull character. Some patients experience constant, exhausting pain. Other patients face acute manifestations of the ailment, which, as a rule, arise after a heavy use of improper food. In this case, there may even appear biliary colic.

Symptoms of exacerbation of ailment

With chronic course of the pathology, the patient periodically has an attack of cholecystitis. Symptoms at this stage are very similar to the acute form of the disease. This condition is characterized by common signs and local manifestations that signal the inflammation of the bladder.

On the exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis symptoms indicate the following:

• Pronounced general malaise;
• Hyperthermia;
• Frequent constipation;
• headache;
• Can occur pruritus.

Along with such a clinic, local signs appear. They also characterize the exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis.

Symptoms are as follows:

1. Pain. It can be moderate or rather sharp. Localized discomfort in the upper abdomen, as a rule, in the right hypochondrium.
2. Unpleasant taste in the mouth. The patient may feel bitter or complain about the taste of the metal. He has a belch of air, nausea. Man suffers from flatulence. Often observed disturbed process of defecation, as a rule, alternate diarrhea, constipation.
3. The feeling of heaviness in the region of the right hypochondrium.
4. The emergence of insomnia, excessive irritability.

The intensity of the pain syndrome depends on the presence of stones in the bladder. With calculous cholecystitis discomfort is characterized by a sharp, intense character. For the stoneless pathology is characterized by aching, dull pain, overly tiring patient. Discomfort is manifested not only in the right hypochondrium. Very often he gives in the right hand, shoulder blade.

Chronic pathology proceeds paroxysmally. During an exacerbation the symptomatology is strongly pronounced. After the attack, all signs of an illness subsided. The stage of remission is coming. At this time, the patient believes that he has recovered from the ailment and unpleasant symptoms will not return. However, a thoughtless violation of diet, excessive stress, hypothermia, alcohol consumption can again lead to an attack.

Complications of the disease

Do not ignore the signs of cholecystitis. Symptoms that cause discomfort to the patient are a signal from the body about the need for adequate treatment.

Long-term inactivity can lead to the development of quite unpleasant complications:

• Cholangitis;
• Fistula formation in the stomach, hepatic flexure, duodenum;
• Reactive hepatitis;
• "Disconnection" of the bladder (gallstones no longer perform their functions in sufficient volume);
• Peri-choledochal lymphadenitis (inflammation develops in the bile ducts);
• Empyema of the bladder (purulent inflammation);
• Intestinal obstruction;
• Gangrene gallstones with the appearance of peritonitis;
• Perforation (rupture of the bladder).

Diagnosis of the disease

It is very important, if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis in women are observed, consult a doctor.

For the diagnosis, the following activities are carried out:

• Anamnesis collection;
• Examination of the patient;
• Laboratory examinations;
• Instrumental research.

Initially, the doctor will ask in detail about the manifestations of the patient, how long they have arisen, as a result of which they appear. The doctor will study the presence of the patient's diseases, such as diabetes, GI tract, hepatitis. He will clarify whether any of the relatives had similar pathologies.

During the examination, attention is paid to the symptomatology that indicates the presence of the disease:

1. Sign of muscular protection. The patient strains the abdominal press to protect the sick stomach.
2. During palpation in the right upper quadrant pain increases.
3. Tapping the right costal arch is accompanied by discomfort.

The patient is assigned laboratory methods:

1. Blood test.
2. A study for the presence of hepatitis viruses in the body.
3. Biochemistry of blood. This analysis is informative only after a seizure of colic.
4. Study of fat lipid metabolism.
5. Coprogram.

To identify cholecystitis, the following instrumental measures are recommended:

1. Ultrasound of the peritoneum.
2. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The analysis allows you to study the state of the esophagus, duodenum, stomach. During the study, a biopsy is taken.
3. Obstetric radiography of the peritoneum. It allows to detect the presence of stones in the bladder, but only those that contain calcium.
4. CT. The analysis allows a more detailed assessment of the internal organs. With the help of this study, difficult-diagnosed tumors that pinch the bile ducts are identified.
5. Cholecystoangiography. This is an X-ray diagnosis, in which a few images are taken under the control of an ultrasound machine. Such an analysis occurs with the use of a radiopaque substance filling the ducts.
6. Retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Using a special device - duodenofibroscope, which is administered to the patient through the mouth in the duodenum, the doctor starts the radiopaque substance in the biliary tract. This allows you to detect stones or narrowing the duct. If such a barrier is detected, the physician performs an endoscopic operation that removes the obstruction.
7. MRI. A study that determines the invisible changes in the walls of the bladder and adjacent organs for X-ray and ultrasound.
8. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Examination of bile ducts and liver, which characterizes the functioning of the organs and the motor activity of the ducts.

Treatment of the disease in the acute stage

The methods of therapy completely depend on what symptoms of cholecystitis appear in women. Treatment of chronic pathology in the remission phase is significantly different from fighting the disease during an exacerbation.

If the patient has an attack, the therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms and arresting the pathogenetic reactions of the disease. In the remission phase, treatment involves the prevention of relapse.

Drug therapy for chronic cholecystitis during exacerbation is based on the following pharmaceutical preparations:

1. Antibiotics: Erythromycin, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Biseptol, Furozolidone, Metranidazole, Oxacillin.
2. Spasmolytics: "Papaverin", "Pitofenon", "Drotaverin", "Platyphylline".
3. Cholagogue preparations: "Sorbitol", "Nikodin", "Allochol", "Tsikvalon".
4. NSAIDs: Baralgin, Spazgan.
5. Propulsants (drugs that stimulate peristalsis), for example, "Domperidone".
6. Antiemetic drugs: "Cerucal", "Diprazin".
7. Polyfermental medicines: Festal, Pancreatin.
8. Sedative medicines: tincture of valerian, motherwort.

It is very popular in the fight against chronic cholecystitis, such an event, as a tubeless tuba. Its essence consists in washing the ducts and then stimulating the process of bile secretion.

Cholecystitis therapy

During remission, the treatment consists of:

• From diet therapy;
• Use of cholagogue medicines: "Cholenzim", "Liobil", "Allochol", "Flamin", "Holosas", "Cholagol", "Olimetin", "Rosanol";
• Physiotherapy (procedures are effective: balneotherapy, inductothermy, electrophoresis with Novokain).

In addition, the patient is always recommended if there are such pathologies as chronic cholecystitis, symptoms, diet.

When revealing calculous pathology, the patient is assigned scheduled cholecystectomy. This is a surgical operation, during which the bladder is removed.

Dietary food

Regardless of the form of leakage, this is an important link in successful treatment. Therefore, all patients are recommended (it allows you to eliminate such a painful, characteristic for an ailment called cholecystitis symptoms) diet.

With this disease, table number 5 is assigned. Of particular note is the worsening of cholecystitis.

Symptoms, exhausting the patient, require not only drug treatment, but also adjusting the diet:

1. During an attack, it is necessary to create conditions that are as gentle as possible for the digestive tract. For this, during the first two days, doctors allow the patient only to drink liquid. For these purposes, suitable mineral still water, non-acidic berry and fruit juices, brewed in half boiled water. The broth is good for the patient.
2. As the pain discomfort subsides, the patient is allowed to switch to the use of mashed food. A person is recommended mucous porridges, soups (rice, oats, semolina), berry, fruit (necessarily sweet) mousse, jelly, jelly. However, eat food should be in small quantities, so as not to provoke an overload of the digestive system. Very important is the diet. Food should be taken only at a certain time.
3. Then the patient's diet includes low-fat cottage cheese, boiled fish, steam meat. Recommended to eat bread crumbs.
4. After 5-10 days after the attack, the patient is carefully transferred to the diet table No. 5a.

Patients should clearly realize that cholecystitis is a very serious ailment. Observance of proper nutrition allows you to get rid of it much quicker. The diet is aimed at reducing acidity and secretion of bile.

Specialists, when giving patients the right diet, recommend the following:

1. Give up fried, overly fatty foods.
2. Build your diet on baked, boiled, stewed foods.
3. Do not take too hot or cold food.
4. Reduce the consumption of sweet and flour products.
5. Eat often, but in small portions.
6. Strictly observe the diet - eat at the same time.
7. Give preference to vegetable and dairy food. Fiber perfectly normalizes the process of defecation and stimulates motility. Milk allows you to restore the body's acid-base balance.
8. Strong tea, coffee is not recommended for use.
9. Eat eggs should not be more than 2-3 times a week. Yolk is better to exclude altogether.

In addition, patients need to consume a lot of fluid. Products that are high in fat and cholesterol, it is desirable to completely eliminate from their food.