Structure and composition of the State Duma of the Russian Federation: list, duties and features

The State Duma of the Russian Federation is the chamber of the Federal Assembly. In Russia it is the highest legislative authority. The final composition of the State Duma is elected by popular vote, the term of deputy authority is 5 years.

Who is in Parliament

The powers of the deputies of the State Duma of the VII convocation entered into force on September 18, 2016. On this day, national elections were held, which determined the composition of the State Duma both on party lists and in single-mandate constituencies.

Voter turnout was almost 48 percent. Parties to get into the federal parliament needed to collect 5 percent of the vote. To win in a single-mandate district, it was enough to gain a simple majority.

The Central Election Commission allowed 14 political parties to participate in the elections. These are permanent members of all elections - United Russia, the Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party, Fair Russia, Yabloko. Recently appeared political forces - "Civil Platform", "Civil Force", "Greens", "Patriots of Russia", "Motherland", "Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice". Political forces that have recently joined the struggle for deputy seats - the "Communists of Russia", the "Party of Growth", as well as the extremely opposition party "PARNAS".

According to the counting results, only four parties overcame the 5% barrier. The United State included United Russia, which gained more than 54 percent of the vote, the Communist Party and the LDPR took the second and third places, earning 13 percent each, and Fair Russia took the 4th place with 6.22 percent.

The composition of the State Duma of the Russian Federation was also formed by people's representatives who won in single-mandate constituencies. In addition to the parties that passed the 5% barrier, representatives of Rodina, Civic Platform and one self-nominee appeared in the Duma.

Structure of the Parliament

The fundamental element of the structure of the State Duma is its apparatus. Its functions include legal and organizational support for the activities of people's representatives. And also work with documents, analytics, assessment of information, financial, material and technical condition, provision of social and living conditions for deputies. The first head of the apparatus was Andrei Voykov in 1994. Now this post is occupied by Jahan Pollyev. Despite the fact that a new composition of the State Duma was elected, she retained her post.

An important role belongs to the chairman of the State Duma. He is responsible for establishing interaction with other branches of government - judicial and executive. In the first convocation, the Parliament was headed by Ivan Rybkin, now this post is occupied by Vyacheslav Volodin.

The main bodies of the federal parliament that take part in the process of lawmaking are the State Duma committees. Their composition is formed according to the proportional principle: how many deputies from parties are included in the State Duma, in the same proportion they will be represented in committees.

All issues that are subsequently included in the agenda of the Duma meetings are initially discussed in the relevant commissions. Now in the Duma there are commissions on legal support, on budget and construction, and many others.

The function of planning the work of Parliament is vested in the Council of the State Duma. He is also obliged to complete the development of the draft laws for the next lower house meetings.

List of deputy associations

In each convocation, the deputies exercise their right to form factions, as well as groups. At the same time inter-factional associations and independent parliamentarians work periodically.

Exotic parliamentary associations existed from the first to the fourth convocation. For example, "Anti-NATO" or "Women's groups".

The current composition of the deputies of the State Duma has now formed factions in accordance with the party membership of the deputies in them. The same situation developed in the Duma of the last three convocations. Independent groups and coalitions go back to history in due course.

Rights and obligations

The duties of people's deputies who are members of the State Duma by parties and single-mandate constituencies are prescribed in federal legislation. They are divided into two groups.

The first includes those that the parliamentarian is obliged to perform directly in the State Duma.

These are verbal appeals to members of the government, the Prosecutor General and other high-ranking officials, speeches at sessions and meetings, participation in the work of Duma committees and commissions.

In his constituency, the deputy is obliged to apply to all kinds of state bodies, organizations and enterprises on the appeals of citizens coming to him and seek answers. People's representatives are free to receive officials, and they have the right to receive and disseminate information, if it is not particularly closed.

What deputies are not required to perform?

Despite the fact that the law lists not only the rights, but also the duties of a parliamentarian, one, very obvious, among them there. It is the duty to attend sessions of the State Duma.

The absence of this rule in the law is fraught with the fact that disciplinary sanctions are not applicable to the so-called absentee deputies. Unlike Russian legislation, in the practice of foreign countries, the status of a deputy is prescribed in more detail, and much attention is paid to penalties that can be applied to the people's choice in the event of failure to perform their direct duties.

Features of the State Duma of the VII convocation

The main feature of the State Duma of the new convocation is that for the first time in modern Russian history, one of the parties represented in the parliament has a constitutional majority. That is two-thirds of seats in the parliament.

As a result of the elections, United Russia received 343 seats in the lower house out of 450. This means that the deputies of this party can pass any laws without the support of representatives of other political forces. After all, members of other parties are fewer at times. In the State Duma there are only 42 Communists, 39 Liberal Democrats and 23 members of the "Fair Russia".