Selection of microorganisms

The selection of microorganisms is used in various fields of medicine and industry. Man often uses the products of life of unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Selection of microorganisms is used to isolate the forms of lactic acid bacteria and yeast fungi. They are subsequently used to produce different products. For example, the activity of fungi and bacteria underlies the processes of fermentation of the dough, the production of many sour-milk products, winemaking, sauerkraut, brewing and other.

The selection of microorganisms allows obtaining forms of the highest quality in various nutrient media. For example, yeast is successfully grown on waste products of oil products, methanol, wood hydrolysates, methane. Yeast contains up to sixty percent of proteins. Their use as fodder proteins allows to annually receive an additional up to one million tons of meat.

The selection of microorganisms is widely used in agriculture. Thus, the development of essential amino acids is of great importance. Due to the fact that there are quite a few of them in traditional food, the amount of food has to be increased. Moreover, the addition of a ton of lysine, synthesized by microbiological means, saves tens of tons of traditional feed.

Yeast, mold fungi, bacteria produce antibiotics, which are subsequently applied by a person. Many of them are extremely necessary, they allow saving lives. Some bacteria and fungi have the ability to synthesize certain vitamins, in particular, those that are not produced in the body.

The main methods of selection are used in the study of the possibilities of obtaining substances of great economic importance. Such substances, in particular, include ketones, alcohols, organic acids. Selective methods are geared toward obtaining genetic lines that are capable of providing maximum performance. Today, molds have been created that produce thousands of times more antibiotics than the original forms.

To increase the effectiveness in breeding, mutagenesis is used. Thus, it becomes possible to expand the range of hereditary variability. This method involves the use of radiation, the effects of special chemical components.

The development of methods for the industrial application of microorganisms and biological processes for the subsequent production of substances necessary for humans is engaged in biotechnology. Within the framework of this scientific branch, the excretion of yeasts, fungi and bacteria is carried out in large biological reactors on nutrient special media. All these microorganisms produce enzymes, vitamins, proteins, amino acids and other necessary compounds.

Bacteria are widely used in the metallurgical industry. Traditional technologies that are used in smelting do not allow the use of complex or poor ores. Methods of biotechnology allow the transfer of many metals from ore to solution. This is due to the ability of bacteria to oxidize. Thus, an enormous amount of copper is produced annually. Biotechnological methods are also used in the production of uranium, silver, gold.

On nutrient media that contain the necessary phytohormones, mineral salts and other compounds, cells of different plants can grow and multiply. This, in turn, simplifies and speeds up the development of useful products. For example, it is easier and faster to cultivate the root of ginseng, rather than caring for the whole plant.

Various methods of breeding animals are widely used . For example, cellular engineering allows breeding elite breeds. For this purpose, use, for example, the reception of "surrogate motherhood".