Seasonal changes in nature in summer, autumn, winter and spring

On our planet, there are regular weather changes throughout the year. Such changes are called seasons. All seasonal changes in nature have their own separate name. This is winter, spring, summer and autumn. The change in weather and changes in the behavior of the animal world during these periods depend on the amount of solar radiation spread to various regions of the globe. Of great importance is also the angle of incidence of the sun's rays on the Earth's surface. The more the angle of inclination toward the straight tends, the hotter it becomes at the particular place where this ray falls. Also the longitude of the day influences the seasonal changes.

Dependence of seasonal changes on location

In the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the globe, seasonal changes in inanimate nature are completely opposite. It depends on the location of the Earth in relation to the Sun. The imaginary red line on the globe divides the two hemispheres exactly in the middle. This line is called the equator. Throughout the year, the sun's rays fall on this territory almost at right angles. And therefore in countries located on the line of the equator, there is always a hot and dry weather. Traditionally, the winter period is considered to be the beginning of the year.

Winter - cold and beauty

The northern hemisphere is in the winter time farthest from the Sun. All seasonal changes in nature during this period freeze in anticipation of warming. Time of low temperatures, snowfalls, winds and abundant ice formation. Many animals hibernate to save vital energy. After the winter equinox on December 21, the Sun begins to rise higher above the horizon line, and the duration of the day slowly increases.

Winter time for nature is a period of struggle and beauty. Plants stop growing, some animals and birds move to warm countries, and people are saved from cold in sheltered premises. You can see abandoned nesting birds, bare branches of trees and large volumes of fallen snow.

Changes in winter weather

Winter weather is changeable and unpredictable. One week there may be severe frosts, and the next - suddenly thaw a thaw. In the cold you can hear the crackling of trees in the frost, the water in the rivers, lakes and ponds freezes. Ice crystals form on the surface of water bodies a solid upper layer of water, which reliably protects deep inhabitants from the penetration of cold. In remote mountain areas, snow blizzards carry roads, and people have to make provisions in advance.

In thaws, seasonal changes in nature can be manifested by unexpected rains which, when frost returns, create an ice crust on roads and plants. The ice covers trees, houses, cars and roads. This phenomenon of nature is very dangerous for animals and people. The accumulation of ice breaks trees, spoils the power lines and makes bridges and roads unsuitable for operation.

Flora and fauna in winter

Most plants in winter are at rest. Among the snow-white snowdrifts, only some kinds of evergreen trees are green, such as spruce, cedar, pine or fir. At the end of winter, warming starts the movement of juices, and the first buds appear on the trees.

Many birds fly to warmer regions, but more than 30 species remain in the Northern Hemisphere even during the most severe frosts. These are, as a rule, birds that feed on the seeds of some plants. For wintering there are also birds - scavengers such as crows, gulls and pigeons and hunters like a hawk or an owl.

Winter is a time of prolonged sleep for many animals, and seasonal changes in wildlife everywhere take place in different ways. Frogs go into hibernation and are buried in the mud, and small animals like voles and marmots hide in pre-opened mink. Also, earthworms, caterpillars and bumblebees behave. They fit into warm lairs and bears. During hibernation, animals are in a state of suspended animation. Strongly tolerate seasonal changes in nature and many other mammals. These are otters, muskrats, deer, hares and many other species of forest dwellers.

Spring is the time of flowering

Since March 20, the duration of the day increases significantly, the average daily temperature rises, the first flowers begin to blossom. Wintering in the cold, the animals begin to moulter, and those who are hibernating return to the old way of life. Birds build nests and begin to acquire chicks. A large number of offspring are also born in mammals. Various insects appear.

In the Northern Hemisphere, spring comes on the vernal equinox. The longitude of the day is compared with the length of the night. In the spring, heavy rains and melting snow begin. The water pools are overflowing and spring floods begin. The first flowers blossom, and their active pollination begins with the appearance of insects. The first of the flowers appear snowdrops, irises and lilies. Leaves appear on the trees.

Awakening of wildlife

Gradually, the air is filled with singing of migratory birds returning from hot countries. Toads and frogs wake up after hibernation and begin to sing their wedding songs. Many mammals are exploring new territories.

Spring seasonal changes in wildlife begin with the appearance of various insects. Very early it is possible to see mosquitoes and flies. Behind them in the beginning of spring other insects also wake up. Various bumblebees, wasps and the like are reliably protected from spring frost by a fluffy striped fur coat.

Summer is a ripening harvest

After June 21, the real summer begins in the Northern Hemisphere. The development of all plants is booming, and for the herbivores there comes a time of increased nutrition. Predators, in turn, actively hunt for lovers of green fodder. All seasonal changes in nature in the summer occur very quickly. Excellent weather allows people to grow over the summer months so many vegetables and fruits that their reserves can last for a very long time. Perennials also gain the bulk of power in the summer months.

At the end of summer, the ripening harvest begins. On many bushes, trees and other plants the fruit ripens. But the summer production of vegetables and fruits is sometimes drastically reduced due to dehydration of the soil and the inability to provide plants with sufficient water.

In summer, many birds train their chicks and prepare them for a long autumn flight. Summer and seasonal changes in nature in summer are a wonderful topic for studying the behavior not only of birds, but also of many insects and other representatives of the animal world. The educational excursion "Seasonal changes in nature" will be very interesting for children.

Autumn - harvesting of fruits

Since September 22, new seasonal changes in nature have been occurring throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In the autumn the cold snap soon begins. There is a drop in temperature, and the noonday sun no longer heats very much. The days become shorter, and the life cycle of many plants ends. The animal world prepares to migrate to the south or build warm shelters for prolonged winter hibernation. Some animals and birds change summer dresses to warmer winter dresses. Among the many breeds of animals begins the mating season. The grass withers, and the leaves in the trees change their color and fall off. The sun does not rise above the North at all, and the next six months the Arctic will be in total darkness. Autumn ends on the winter solstice.

To trace the most interesting seasonal changes in nature in autumn it is possible during the short-term Indian summer. The return of warm weather for a few autumn days enables animals and plants to finish cooking for severe colds. Gardeners and truck farmers are closely monitoring the precursors of frosts in order to have time to complete the collection of a plentiful harvest of vegetables and fruits.

Animal World in Autumn

Many animals and birds begin to move towards the south in search of a softer temperature and reliable food provision. Some species of animals fall into a hibernation. Bears go into deep winter sleep. In late autumn, a large number of insects die. Some insects burrow deeper into the ground or winter, being in a state of larvae or pupae.

A variety of seasonal changes in nature in the fall for preschoolers will be understandable if the children are explained what is happening and to supplement the story of the fall with illustrative examples. It is a demonstration of beautiful maple leaves of orange and red color, various crafts made of autumn leaves and twigs, observations of the animal world. Children can also be interested in autumn seasonal changes in the corner of nature, which, as a rule, is created in any preschool institution.

Calendar of nature

To consolidate knowledge about the change of seasons and better acquaintance with nature, together with preschoolers, calendars of nature can be compiled. These can be children's thematic drawings or applications using summer or autumn natural material. The phenomena of nature can be presented in the form of a schematic image or with the help of various labels of thematic content.

Different story pictures are placed in the calendar in accordance with the passing season.

In winter it can be images of sleeping bears or animals with a white fur cover. The spring can be illustrated with images of thawed snows and the arrival of migratory birds. There are many ways to visualize the summer season. This is a demonstration of ripened fruits and various natural summer phenomena. The autumn season is also demonstrated visually by the fallen leaves of trees.

In general, the story of natural changes during different seasons and the creation of a calendar of observations of significant changes in the surrounding nature promotes the development of children and the education of their love for their native land.