School of scientific management in the light of analysis of the main directions of development of management

The term "management" for the last twenty years has firmly entered our daily life. However, few of the Russians know that it has a long and interesting history, within the framework of which several large schools were formed, most of which are still in effect. These directions symbolize different approaches to enterprise management , behind which there are differences in understanding the place of a person in management.

One of the first was the school of scientific management. Its origin and further development is largely associated with the names of such famous personalities as F. Taylor, G. Gantt, the wife of Gilbert. All of them in their works relied on the fact that with a scientific approach to production, using methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, one can achieve high perfection. It is the division of all production processes into simple operations with their subsequent careful regulation and laid the foundations for what we today call the "school of scientific management".

F. Taylor and his followers identified three main points, which, in their opinion, were to significantly increase labor productivity and production efficiency. The first such component was rationalization, which, among other things, assumed the search for each participant in the process of the most optimal workplace with training at the same time with new, more rational methods of work.

The second link was the scientifically based formal structure of the enterprise. The School of Scientific Management laid the foundations for what is today called "personnel management". This is an activity that includes a competent approach to recruitment, as well as skilful use of the best qualities and abilities of employees to achieve the goal.

Finally, the third cornerstone on which the school of scientific management is based is a complete refusal to combine managerial and executive functions. In Taylor's opinion, in any enterprise, a clear structure should be viewed, from which it becomes clear what kind of manager or simple worker is responsible for. At the same time, if there is a union of functions in the same hands, then almost always it ends with a decrease in the basic performance of the enterprise.

Along with the Taylor School, an important management record in the history of management was left by the administrative school of management, in which it is possible to mention the works of such coryphaeus as G. Emerson, L. Urvik, A. Fayol, M. Weber. These scientists sought to develop universal principles that can be applied to any organization, regardless of the scale and scope of activity. Among the main such principles it is necessary to note the requirement to clearly formulate the main goal, to approach production primarily from the standpoint of common sense, the need for knowledge and strict adherence to all the rules of the internal labor regulations.

Among the more modern trends, one can single out the direction in management, which was called the School of Management Science. Its main theorists are R. Ackoff, S. Bier, L. Klein. These scientists became famous for the fact that the so-called "social aspect" was the first to be singled out in management, and also to use information technologies extensively.