Reservoirs - this is what? Types of water bodies and their inhabitants

Reservoirs are natural or artificial accumulations of water that can have a permanent or temporary nature, decorative purpose and settle in parks and gardens. Sewage of reservoirs is slow or absent.

Rivers are referred to watercourses, because they have a constant, sometimes strong, current.

Natural reservoirs: lakes

The lake is part of the water shell of the earth, formed in depressions of various origins. Lakes are salty and fresh water. Their science studies limnology, which claims that they are not part of the World Ocean. Often these water bodies are salty. This is due to the fact that they accumulate minerals in them. The reason is a low level of runoff and water exchange. At the bottom of the lakes, bottom sediments accumulate.

The main classification is based on the form and origin of the basins. The most common of these are tectonic, formed in faults of the earth's crust. Volcanic lakes form in the craters of extinct volcanoes, mainly in the mountains. Zaprudnye are formed in places where a fragment of the mountain blocked the way of the river. Because of the dissolution of rocks, karst lakes are formed . In the mountainous regions of the Alps, the Caucasus, the Urals, glacial water bodies form. These lakes are formed by the activity of a glacier.

What is a pond?

A pond is a pond of natural or artificial origin. It is created with the aim of preserving water, watering the surrounding areas, breeding fish. The natural pond is a small lake.

An artificial pond often serves as a reservoir. They form it, blocking the way to the river and forming a dam. The supply of an artificial pond is mainly due to groundwater or river flow.

Ponds are fresh water. To simplify the outflow of excess water, artificial wastewater is formed. Ponds are often found in rural areas. Here they have a certain economic role - breeding fish, storing water for irrigation, and sometimes - washing.

There are two types of ponds: digging and damming. Inhabitants of reservoirs - the elementary, seaweed, fish. They create special ponds for breeding valuable species of fish - trout, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon. Ponds specially purify, form their own ecosystem in them.

Value of reservoirs

Reservoirs are artificial reservoirs formed for the storage of water on an industrial scale. Isolate channel and lake reservoirs, depending on the origin. They can also be covered, open and dams.

The world's largest reservoirs: the Bratsk, Rybinsk - in Russia, Smallwood - in Canada, Nasser - in the territory of Egypt and the Sudan. The creation of such reservoirs has enormous consequences, but not always positive. The main of them is a radical change in the landscape. This applies to both fauna and flora. They have a negative effect on the spawning conditions of fish.

Not the best consequence of the creation of such reservoirs is the siltation of reservoirs. The process is the formation of large deposits, sediment at the bottom. The water level decreases. This process was studied in detail, as it harms the ecosystem. Inhabitants of water bodies can change at the same time.

Where do the old people come from?

Old people as natural reservoirs - this is part of the riverbed, where the river previously flowed. Another name is old people. Such reservoirs often have a bizarre shape - a sickle or crescent, loops, curl. How are the old people formed? The process of formation occurs when, due to some reason, the bed is straightened, and the former curl or curvature remains cut off from the main body of water. The main reason is high water, when the river finds a more convenient way.

Sometimes the bends of one river unite - so too can be formed by the old people. Such a process takes place in the presence of a large number of sleeves. The entrances to the old man are gradually filled with mud, and the pond itself turns into a lake or swamp. If it is powered, it can function, if it is not, it will dry out. The largest old men can have a length of more than 500 meters.

What do ponds eat?

The type of food is one of the main characteristics of the reservoir. It can characterize its structure and functions.

How can water be fed? First, external surface runoff - rain, other hydro objects. Secondly, by underground waters, which can approach close to the surface. Thirdly, artificially - the basin of the reservoir is filled compulsorily. Fourth, the replenishment of waters of a combined type.

The supply of groundwater is most environmentally friendly, as they are clean. If the lake has such food, then it will be less likely to form duckweed and mud. The most common is a combined type of food.

The guarantee of constant water filling is the forced implementation of this process. Fill with a pond or tap water, or irrigation water. The most frequent food is combined. Its sources can be rain, melted snow, groundwater and much more.

Reservoirs and their location on the ground

Reservoirs are hydroobjects located on a certain terrain. Where can they be formed? Places of education, for example, a lake, can be the river bed. The reservoir can be dammed or dug. Feeding is, as a rule, from the river. On the terrain are formed slope, watershed, floodplain reservoirs. In such cases, the relief of the lake or pond is clearly visible.

In the floodplain, water bodies are formed with underground feeding, combined, channel. They can be formed in the old man, where they place locks. There may also have a dam, pumps, to use such a pond in the industry.

Slope ponds are formed on the terraces of river valleys. They differ from others only in some constructive features.

Watershed waters are arranged in watershed areas. They can feed on groundwater or artificially. Forced water can be fed from a river, a well.

There are also reservoirs in mounds or grooves. They are widely distributed, they are easy to form and organize their nutrition. They can have any area. Build them is quite expensive.

In the mounds the reservoirs serve mainly for the storage of water. Such an object can become the basis for a hydroelectric power station.

Creating a decorative pond

A decorative pond - what is it? This is an artificial water object that performs the function of decorating the site, forming its completed appearance. Most often, the idea of creating a decorative pond comes from the owners of private houses and villas.

Artificial ponds are beautiful and stylish. What do you need to know to successfully create such an ornament of the site?

Create a pond with your own hands is a feasible task for everyone. The form, design of such a cozy corner of the garden can be very diverse. Artificial pond perfectly fits into any landscape, can become its constructive dominant.

To start, choose a place not very close to home (it is better to consult with specialists of landscape design). Close proximity to the house can damage the foundation.

You need to create a project. To do this, determine the shape of the pond: an oval, a rectangle or an intricate figure. The project will determine the costs, materials, location of filtration systems. Further it is necessary to choose qualitative materials - durability and beauty of a pond depends on them.

When all is selected and purchased, proceed. It is desirable, not by themselves, but with the help of qualified specialists. The final stage - registration of plants. This will complete the image of the ideal pond. You will get a chic pond - the photo below presents one of the options for your garden.

Conclusion

Reservoirs, natural or artificial, are functional, but can be a perfect, beautiful addition to the design of your garden.

Aesthetic pond near your house will allow you to express individuality and emphasize the style of the garden. Especially popular is the creation of such elements in the Japanese, classical, rustic style. The main thing - to properly design a pond. Sometimes fish live in such water bodies. The presence of the inhabitants of such miniature lakes is a matter of the taste of the owners of the garden.