Types of subordinate clauses

The concept of syntax should be understood as a special section of the science of language, which deals with the study of two units: sentences and phrases.

In this article, we will talk about the syntax of the sentence. First we will find out what the idea of the proposal as a whole implies by itself, and then we will tell in more detail about the types of subordinate clauses in the Russian language.

1. The concept of the sentence

Being one of the basic units of a language, it is a collection of one or several words, which, as a rule, consist of a question (then they are called interrogative), motivation for action (stimulating) and transmission of certain information (narrative).

All complex sentences are divided into compound (equal) and complex (these kinds of subordinate clauses are considered dependent, they are linked by means of special unions or allied words).

2. How correctly to determine the types of subordinate clauses?

By their nature, these units of syntax are very, very diverse. In order to determine, you just need to remember the four main features:

- about the grammatical meaning;

- on the issue to which this proposal responds;

- about the part of the proposal to which it can be attributed;

- about means of communication.

It is on the basis of these features that syntactic units are divided into detailed, definitive, connecting and detailed ones.

3. Complementary sentences in Russian

1. Definitive. Performed role: characterize the feature of the subject.

The question that the proposal answers: what?

What is in the sentence: the name of the noun.

Unions and union words: when, from where, which, which, which, whose, what, what.

Other characteristic features: the use of pointing words - any, every, every, such, that.

For example: The camera, which I bought in Chicago last year, makes excellent shots.

2. Explanatory. Executed role: consider in more detail and supplement the meaning of the main sentence.

The question that the proposal answers: what?

What are they related to: verb, adjective, adverb, single word combination.

Unions and union words: how, what, what, what, what, where, what for, when, where.

Other characteristics: the use of the pointer word "that".

For example: I know that I can do it.

3. Connecting. Performed role: contains an additional clarification message.

What do they concern: to all the main sentence.

Unions and union words: "why", "what", "why."

4. Extensive types of subordinate clauses. Supplementary sentences of this type are quite diverse and therefore also have their own classification:

• Mode of action and degree

Executed role: indicate the measure, degree and mode of action.

The question that the proposal responds to: how? How much? in what degree? as?

What are they: a verb or an adjective.

Unions and allied words: "like", "to", "what", "how much", "how much", "how".

Other characteristic features: indicative words - "such", "to such a degree", "as far as", "so much", "so."

For example: He shouted so much that he nearly deafened those present.

• Places

Executed role: indicate the place of action.

The question to which these types of subordinate clauses respond: from where? where? Where?

What are they related to: the whole sentence or the predicate.

Unions and union words: "from", "where", "where".

Other characteristic features: indicative words - "everywhere", "everywhere", "there", "there".

For example: Where the road ended, a field began.

• Time

Executed role: indicates the duration of the action.

The question to which the proposal responds: until when? when? since when? how long?

What do they concern: to everything Ch. Sentence or predicate.

Unions and allied words: "until then", "since", "bye."

Other characteristic features: indicative words - "sometimes", "once", "always", "now", "then."

For example: While you were watching TV, I read the paper.

• conditions

Executed role: indicate the condition under which the action is performed.

The question to which the proposal responds: in what case? Under what condition?

What do they concern: to all the main sentence or to the predicate.

Unions and allied words: "if", "if", "once", "if", "how".

For example: If you remind me, I'll bring you a book.

• causes

Executed role: indicates the reason.

The question to which the proposal responds: for what reason? from what? why? because of which?

What do they concern: to everything Ch. Sentence or predicate.

Unions and allied words: "because of that", "because", "because".

For example: He went on foot, t. Did not want to go in a stuffy transport.

• Comparisons

Executed role: give explanations by comparison.

The question that the proposal responds to: like what?

What does the sentence refer to? Sentence or predicate.

Unions and allied words: "as if", "how", "than", "like".

For example: He preferred to remain silent like a fish.

• Objectives

Executed role: indicates the purpose of the action.

The question that the proposal answers: for what? For what purpose? for what? what for?

What do they concern: to everything Ch. Sentence or predicate.

Unions and allied words: "in order", "then", "then to."

For example: I want to learn to know.

• Concessions

Executed role: circumstance to perform the action.

The question that the proposal answers: in spite of what? Contrary to what?

What do they concern: to all the main sentence or to the predicate.

Unions and allied words: "for nothing", "despite the fact that", "what", "although", "let", "no matter", "when neither", "how much"

For example: Although it was cold, he was sweating.

• Consequences

Executed role: means consequence, result or conclusion.

The question that the proposal answers: what of it?

What do they concern: to everything Ch. Proposal.

Unions and allied words: "so", "therefore".

For example: Despite the famine, I will not eat it.