What section of the science of language is studied in school? Main sections of the Russian language

In linguistics, several main sections are distinguished. Each of them is engaged in the study of a particular range of linguistic concepts and phenomena. Today we will consider which sections of the science of Russian are being studied in the school course.

Phonetics

Let's begin our acquaintance with the main section of linguistics - phonetics. This science studies the sounds of speech and the features of their functioning. In phonetics, the alternation of sounds depending on the stress, position in one or another part of the word is considered. The strong and weak positions of sounds are also considered.

Separately studied is the notion of the syllable, and the division of the word into syllables according to the rules of the Russian language. Refers to the phonetics and intonation, stress.

Spelling

The second important section of the science of language is orthography. He is studying the spelling of words and their significant parts. Thanks to spelling, we get acquainted with rules and orthograms, learn to recognize cases in which you need to use rules to determine which letter should be written in a particular word.

Vocabulary and Phraseology

Vocabulary and phraseology is the most interesting section of the science of language, which studies the lexical richness of Russian speech, as well as the phraseological units functioning in it. Speaking about vocabulary, it is worth noting that she is engaged in the study of such concepts as synonyms and homonyms, paronyms and antonyms, she studies the origin of words and their functioning, singles out the active and passive vocabulary of the Russian language.

Phraseology deals with the study of phraseological units, their meaning and origin.

Quite closely related to vocabulary and phraseology is lexicography - the science of dictionaries.

Word formation

Another section of the science of language is word formation. It examines the composition of words. So, every word has a root that carries a lexical meaning. In addition to the root, the word can have an ending, a suffix or a prefix. In addition, identify the basis of the word.

Word formation studies not only parts of words, but also how they formed certain words, which of the suffixes form verbs, and which are adjectives.

Knowing the basics of word formation, a person is easier to learn spelling, since these two sections are very closely related.

Morphology

Morphology is a rather voluminous section of the science of language. Engaged in the study of parts of speech and their functioning in speech. In the course of training, students learn the main and service parts of speech, the rules of their spelling, get acquainted with how the parts of speech are inclined, how to determine the genus or case of the noun or adjective that relates to it.

Morphology is also quite closely related to orthography, since it is necessary not only to know how the word is formed, but also how it changes. After all, some sounds, and therefore letters in writing, depend on the case in which the word stands.

Syntax and punctuation

The most complex section of the science of language is syntax and punctuation. To study it begin already in 8 and 9 classes. The very first thing that students learn about is the concept of phrases and types, the connections between words. Then they go on to study the main and secondary sentences, learn to find them and graphically highlight them.

After this, the study of a simple sentence, both binary and single, begins. Their classification and functioning in speech is studied. Already in the 9th class begins the acquaintance with complex sentences, the types of connection between them, classifications.

In the course of studying the sentences, there is also an acquaintance with the punctuation of the Russian language, which is closely related to the syntax. We study the rules for placing commas, dashes and colons, semicolons. A brief historical note on the history of the appearance of signs is given.

Stylistics

Studying sections of the science of language, students now and then come across such a section of linguistics as stylistics. She studies the styles of speech, their main features and features of functioning. There are several main styles: artistic, scientific, journalistic, confessional, colloquial, epistolary.

In the course of training, students learn to distinguish the characteristics of each of the styles and determine which of these refers to a particular text.

A culture of speech

Well, the last section that should be mentioned is the culture of speech. She studies the written and oral norms of the Russian language. Often the rules from this section are examined in the course of examining other sections of linguistics. Quite closely, the culture of speech is associated with stylistics, orthoepia and orthography.

conclusions

We found out which sections of the science of language are studied in the school course. Among them are phonetics and spelling, vocabulary and phraseology, word formation and morphology, syntax and punctuation, as well as stylistics and a culture of speech. Almost all of them are closely related, knowledge of one section facilitates the assimilation of rules from another, adjacent.