Primitive-communal system and its characteristics

One of the first stages of human development is the primitive communal system. This is the longest period of history, which lasted about 650 thousand years. The settlement of primitive people was uneven. Originally they inhabited some part of Africa, South Asia and southern Europe. Then people began to occupy other territories of the Earth. The primitive communal system is an important part of the development of mankind.

During the emergence of primitive people, the climate was much warmer and softer. The vegetation covering the planet was diverse and very rich. People settled in small groups. They collected fruits, engaged in hunting, searched for the roots of plants, suitable for consumption. People's nutrition during this period can not be called regular. The extraction of food depended on accidents and was always accompanied by danger and risk.

It was not always possible to find food, so people often starved. In addition, the predators were a big danger for them.

A person is a reasonable being. Therefore, people began to make tools and devices that helped them to hunt animals, get food and make life easier. Originally they were primitive tools made of stone or wood.

Characteristics of primitive society will not be complete, if not to mention that during this period people have learned fire. They observed natural phenomena (lightning, volcanic eruptions) and stored the fire that appeared in this case. However, a lot of time passed before people learned how to make fire independently. With the advent of fire people could cook food, warm themselves or scare away animals.

The primitive communal system has already revealed the makings of the formation of society. People settled in groups. Alone, none of them could survive. Jointly produced food and carried out all the main work. This increased efficiency, increased skills and, as a result, improved the standard of living.

Communication with each other led to the development of speech. The common cause forced people to negotiate among themselves and share their experience. Speech promoted more fruitful work and was the main difference between man and animals.

The primitive communal system did not know the division into classes, states and countries. Humanity passed the stage of development of elementary skills, speech and thinking. This period lasted about 400 thousand years. Development took place slowly, but constantly. Tools of labor were improved, and with them the skills of people. Gradually formed groups. Together with people, the surrounding nature changed, which influenced their way of life. It can be said that work created man.

Gradually arose a clan society. However, it was forbidden to marry within the clan. So there was a need for contact with other tribal communities.

Ownership of land, tools and objects created as a result of this work was common. The primitive communal system is characterized by the presence of matriarchy. A woman mother was at the head of the clan.

Despite the fact that the society was not yet fully formed, it had its own traditions and certain norms of behavior. Especially it is possible to single out customs and prohibitions, otherwise taboo.

The art of primitive society is mainly sculptural structures. Most of them were found in Western Europe. These exhibits reflect the first impressions of a person about the world around him, the life of primitive people and their way of life. Many of them are associated with mythological ideas about the phenomena of nature and other events. But it was they who gave us a more complete idea of this period of development of human society. The emergence of art became a new stage in the primitive communal system, which made the life of people more harmonious and organized.