Parts of the bicycle and their names

The bike is popular already not even tens, but hundreds of years. Despite the development of the automobile industry, the two-wheeled environmentally friendly mode of transport does not lose its positions. In addition, this unit is used in professional sports. Parts of the bike are improved every year, making the car safer, more convenient and faster. Consider the structural features of the bike.

Types of Bicycle Machines

By type of construction, parts of the bicycle, namely the frame, can be of a folding or rigid type. The first version is equipped with a minimum of one joint, which allows to fold the frame part of the apparatus. This facilitates the transportation and storage of the bike.

However, folding models are inferior to full-size modifications in terms of reliability and performance. By this type, urban and recreational bicycles are usually manufactured, which are not demanded for high strength and reliability. It should be noted that any modern bike for convenient transportation can be disassembled in a few minutes. The reverse procedure takes the same amount of time. In this regard, folding options are not very popular.

Basic structure

We will begin to study the components of the bicycle from the frame. It is by its type that the category of the machine, its reliability and working resource are determined. The frame consists of several basic parts. Among them:

1. Upper and lower front tube.
2. The seat is a cylindrical element.
3. Upper and lower feathers.

Among modern types of frames there are several categories:

1. The highway frame.
2. Urban option.
3. Mountain modification.
4. Sports and stunt models.

Between the frames differ design, material of manufacture, presence of amplifications, external registration.

What are modern frames made of?

The material of making such a part of the bicycle as a frame is one of the most important parameters affecting the cost and characteristics of the machine. Modern bikes are equipped with frames made of carbon, aluminum or steel.

Steel alloys are used mainly in the manufacture of city bicycles. The design is characterized by high strength and resistance to mechanical influences. The disadvantages of the steel frame include heavy weight and weak flexibility, which negatively affects the dynamics of the bike.

Aluminum is advantageous for its strength, flexibility and light weight. Such frames have excellent ergonomics, cushioning and dynamics. The cost of such material is also higher than that of steel analogues.

Carbon fiber (carbon) is used to produce expensive frames for bicycles. These products have high strength, even in comparison with metal analogues. At the same time they have a long service life, resistance to shock and wear, good maneuverability.

Steering wheel and fork

These parts of the bike are usually interconnected. The steering wheel is a pair of elements from a horizontal pipe, as well as a remote stem. By the types of bending, the steering elements are divided into several categories, namely:

• Direct option.
• Curved down model.
• The so-called "sheep".
• Curved up modifications.

Take-away is an intermediate element between the horizontal and adjusting detail of the handlebars. It fixes the distance from the frame to the steering wheel. The longer the pull-out, the position of the rider is more horizontal during movement. On machines of conventional design this element is not provided.

The steering part itself consists of the following parts:

1. Columns.
2. Plugs.
3. Removal.
4. The helm.

A bicycle fork is an intermediate link between the steering wheel and the front wheel. It has a structure that is not distinguished by complex structural features. By means of the stem, the part is mounted in the front glass of the frame. The steering wheel is placed in the middle of the fork, and the wheel interacts with it through special ears.

For free rotation of the fork in the corners, the glass is equipped with a steering column. It includes a pair of bowls, bearings, lock rings. The bowls are mounted by pressing or fixed by means of an internal thread, the rings are mounted on a rod firmly fixed in the column of the rudder.

Wheels

Considering which parts of the bicycle are the most important, it is certainly worth mentioning the wheels. They serve to keep the frame in a vertical position and bring the equipment into motion. The wheel consists of a bushing, a rim, a camera and a tire.

The central element is a bushing, which consists of the main axis, washers and bearings. The main purpose of this part is the activation and maintenance of torque. The rear bushing is more complicated, since it serves to straighten the wheel. On walking and road modifications, it is additionally equipped with a brake mechanism. In this part of the high-speed bike is mounted the gear shift knob in the form of asterisks of different sizes. In planetary bushings, a device for switching speeds is also provided.

The remaining wheel components

The rim is a ring that aggregates with the hub by means of spokes. The tension parameters of the spokes and the geometry of the rim affect the stability of the wheel to deformations and dynamic loads. The bicycle rim is made of aluminum, the spokes are made of special alloy. The tension adjustment is carried out through the heads located on the rim side.

The chamber is a hollow piece of rubber that is placed on the rim and inflated with air. A tire is installed over it. The air is forced through the nipple. To avoid damage to the tire by the head of the spokes, the inside of the rim is equipped with a rubber gasket.

The main purpose of the tire is to protect the camera from outside interference, as well as to create a reliable grip with the road surface. The design of the tire includes beads, side panels and a protector. Depending on the purpose of the bike, it can be "trained" in one of four types of tires:

1. Road option. Tread pattern - medium, suitable for dirt roads and highway tracks.
2. Cracks. They are designed for use on highway bicycles and level roads.
3. Aggressive type. Most often, these are parts of a mountain bike. They have a pronounced and deep tread pattern.
4. Hybrid tires. These elements represent a cross between a mountain and a road option.

Additional safety and visibility of the technique in the dark are provided by yellow and red reflectors mounted on spokes.

Transmission unit

This unit is responsible for the movement of the bicycle. The structure of the node is quite complex. It provides for a large number of various mechanisms. Consider how the parts of the bicycle that are part of the transmission are called:

1. Leading asterisks.
2. Connecting rods.
3. Carriage.
4. Pedals.
5. Chain.
6. Slave sprockets.
7. Coins.
8. Switches of transfers.

The carriage is located in the lower frame compartment. The assembly is designed to connect the front sprockets and connecting rod mechanism. Stable rotation of the pedals is ensured by the fixed bearings on which the through shaft is placed. There are two types of carriages: open and cartridge variation.

The connecting rods connect the carriage and the pedals, and are fixed to square or splined locks. Items are supplied complete with a front asterisk.

Pedals and chain

Pedals provide the transfer of mechanical energy on the carriage through the connecting rods and serve as a support for the legs of the cyclist. These elements are divided into several types:

1. The classic option - is installed on amateur cycling machines, the engagement is performed solely due to the frictional force.
2. Pedals with a strap.
3. Contact models - equipped with special inserts for shoes.
4. Extreme modifications - have a wide surface and fixatives in the form of inserts.

The rear of the bicycle is equipped with asterisks, which are attached to the bushing. Several rear transmission stars aggregate with the front star. Elements of small diameter are responsible for high transmissions, and large parts for low speeds.

A chain is used to connect the leading and driven sprockets. High-speed bicycles are equipped with several stars not only from behind, but also from the front. The chain is transferred from one transmission element to another by means of switches that are controlled by coins placed on the handlebars. The relationship between coins and speed regulators is made by means of cables. Switches can be drum or lever type. On bikes with one transmission, there are no controllers, there is one star in front and behind.

Brake system

For safety when driving, brakes respond. There are three variants of this knot on bicycles:

1. Drum-bushing variant. It is considered an obsolete mechanism, however it is mounted on simple amateur bicycles. The drum is located in the rear bushing. When the pedals are turned, it acts on the pads that move apart and lock the wheel, making contact with the working surface.
2. High-performance construction. Such brakes are equipped with shoes, which, when the steering lever is activated, clamp the rim of the wheel. The working part of the system is mounted on the mounting place of the wings, it can be used individually or in combination with other types of brakes.
3. The most difficult is the disk modification. It consists of a brake part fixed on a wheel hub, a clipper, a lever drive with a cable. The clipper has brake pads that clamp the disc when the handle on the handlebar is activated. The mechanism under consideration can be of the mechanical and hydraulic type.

Shock absorbers

These spare parts for bicycles allow you to soften the bumps on the road and pay off the fluctuations when riding. As a rule, shock absorbers are placed in the front fork and are divided into the following types:

1. Spring variant.
2. Elastomer with spring.
3. Air-oil system.
4. Spring-and-oil damping.

The length of the fork, blocking and hanging speed are adjusted with the help of special regulators. Forks without a shock absorber are of a rigid type, they are used on highway and road modifications. On mountain bikes, there may be an additional rear shock absorber, which ensures comfortable overcoming of the uneven road.

Saddle

This is one of the simplest parts of a bicycle. The saddle can differ in width, shape, material of manufacture and other parameters. Some models are equipped with additional lower springs. A " seat " is installed on the seat post that goes into the special tube. The element is fixed by height using a special mechanism.

The above parts of the bicycle and their names are considered. As you can see, the device of the bike is not as simple as it seems at first glance.