Osmotic diuretic - what is it? List of drugs, mechanism of action

Many people ask themselves: "Diuretic remedy - what is it?" This article will tell you what it is and why it is used.

Pharmacology preparations

Osmotic diuretic is a medicinal product that extracts water from swollen tissues. Thus, it increases the amount of urine and removes excess fluid from the body. This improves blood flow in the kidneys, which, in turn, increases their functionality. The kidneys begin to work better and to filter. It increases the osmolality of the plasma and moves the fluid from the organs and tissues (brain, eyeball) to the vascular bed. In this case, together with the liquid, chlorine, sodium and potassium are removed. The last element is output in small quantities, which does not lead to significant losses.

Pharmacokinetics of drugs

Osmotic diuretic is metabolized (insignificant) in the liver. This leads to the formation of glycogen. The withdrawal from the body occurs after filtration (glomerular) through the kidneys. Reabsorption tubular is inessential.

Indications for the use of drugs

The action of osmotic diuretics is indispensable during edema of the brain, hypertension of intracranial and intraocular, as well as during attacks of glaucoma in acute form.

Used drugs of this group in oliguria with renal failure in acute form. In this case, the osmotic diuretic is used when an increase in diuresis is required. Such tools can only be used with the ability to filter.

They also need to be taken with lithium, bromide, salicylate and barbiturate poisoning.

Osmotic diuretics are drugs that are suitable for use after injecting blood that is incompatible during the development of posttransfusion complications.

In most cases, they are used during some surgical procedures, such as bypass surgery and extracorporeal circulation.

With shock, burns, sepsis and peritonitis, diuretics contribute to an improved withdrawal of toxic substances from the body. They lower blood pressure.

Contraindications for use

Osmotic diuretic is not allowed for:

• Renal insufficiency in chronic form.
• Violations of the filtration abilities of the kidneys.
• Left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema.
• Hemorrhagic stroke.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
• Dehydration in severe form.

Drugs should not be taken without the appointment of a doctor. Their use without the need can lead to serious consequences.

Side effects

During the use of drugs, there may be some side effects that can discomfort people.

To them it is possible to carry:

• Headaches.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Hemorrhages and death of tissues when the funds fall under the skin.
• A ricochet effect may occur.
• It is possible to increase nitrogen (residual) in the blood.

Usually, if such side effects occur, stop taking medications and consult a doctor right away. He will adjust the dosage or replace the remedy with a similar one.

What medications are diuretics osmotic?

The most popular means is "Mannit." Instructions for use allow you to learn more about its features.

Also to this group of drugs are:

• Torasemide.
• Bumetanid.
• "Xipamid".
• "Chlorthalidone."
• "Politiasis."

This is an incomplete list of medicines that will help with edema and other diseases. They should not be used without the permission of the doctor, as well as "Mannit." Instructions for use will not give you guarantees that you have correctly selected and calculated the dosage.

Comparative characteristics

"Mannitol" is used more often than other drugs because it acts stronger and longer, and it does not increase the nitrogen content in the residual form in the blood. In this case, urea penetrates deeper and deeper into the organs and tissues. This can provoke brain hydration and increase the pressure inside the skull after 6-7 hours after intravenous administration.

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Osmotic potassium-sparing diuretics do not excrete potassium from the body, unlike simple osmotic diuretics. Preparations related to this group have a positive effect on the heart muscle, but have one minus in comparison with the drugs that excrete potassium. It consists in the fact that their action is slightly slower, and it begins only on the second or third day after application. At the same time, the effect lasts longer.

Potassium-sparing diuretics doctors recommend to use in combination with other diuretics. Their solitary use for the removal of edema is undesirable, since they have a weak effect.

They are forbidden to apply if a person has liver cirrhosis, renal failure in acute and chronic form, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.

The admission of medications that belong to this group is allowed only according to the doctor's prescription.

The use of diuretics in pregnancy

To apply osmotic diuretics it is possible only when the benefit for the mother exceeds the risks for the fetus. The decision on the appointment is made by the doctor after the examinations and analyzes.

Overdose

If the administered dose exceeds the norm, then hypervolemia may develop, intracranial pressure may increase and the electrolyte-water balance may be disturbed. It is also possible to increase the fluid that is outside the cells. If the dosage has been exceeded much, the burden on the heart will increase. People with diseases of this body can develop severe complications that require immediate medical intervention.

So, a diuretic remedy - what is it? Now, after reading this material, many people know the answer to this question. To this group of medicines are diuretics, which are used for edema of the brain, burns, sepsis and many other diseases. Due to their action they improve the outflow of fluid in the urine and blood circulation in the kidneys. This contributes to their better filtration. Acceptance of drugs of this group is allowed only according to the doctor's prescription, because only he will calculate the correct dose for you and check for contraindications. It is quite difficult to do this on your own, and sometimes it is completely impossible.

Be healthy!