Oliguria is ... The causes, signs and treatment of oliguria

Oliguria is a condition in which urine production in the body is reduced. There are certain factors in the development of this phenomenon, including inflammation of the kidneys, infections, medications, insufficient fluid intake, adrenal stress response, and others. This article discusses such issues as the causes of the ailment "oliguria", symptoms, treatment of the disease, diagnostic methods. Some folk remedies for the therapy of this disease have also been proposed.

What is oliguria

The disorder occurs when the amount of urine produced decreases sharply in the body. The norm for the work of the kidneys is the volume of urine, equal to 1.5 liters per day. In case of illness, this figure decreases to 300-500 ml and less. Doctors do not consider oliguria as an independent disease, it acts as a side effect as a reaction to other health problems. What can lead to the development of the disease? Read more about this.

Oliguria: Causes

Consider the main factors that contribute to the onset of the disease. Oliguria is a condition in which the body produces too little urine. This can result from insufficient fluid intake, damage to the kidneys that become unable to function properly and produce urine. Quite a variety of factors provoking the development of the disease "oliguria". The causes can be in dehydration, heart disease (heart failure, collapse of the cardiovascular system, also known as hypovolemic shock). A low level of fluid volume leads to the fact that the kidneys fail, the amount of urine released decreases.

Infections, glomerulonephritis

Oliguria is a pathology that can also be caused by some infectious bacterial infections, in particular cholera, leading to dehydration of the body due to loss of fluid and electrolytes, weakness, hypotension, severe thirst, muscle cramps, acute watery diarrhea, tachycardia and vomiting. If the cholera is not treated, a person can die within a few hours.

Acute glomerulonephritis is another factor that can provoke the appearance of the "oliguria" disease. Symptoms in this case include fatigue, a slight increase in temperature, high blood pressure and swelling, nausea, vomiting, headache, as well as congestion in the lungs and abdominal pain.

Heart failure

With heart failure, oliguria may also develop along the way, which results from a reduction in blood outflow from the heart and an increase in renal perfusion. In such cases, a person may experience fatigue and weakness, swelling of the cervical veins, tachycardia, dyspnea, and peripheral edema and dry cough.

Hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is another cause of the development of the "oliguria" ailment. Symptoms, treatment of the disease is based on overcoming the signs of a primary disease, include fatigue and lethargy, weakness in the muscles, anorexia, nausea, dizziness, hypotension. A distinctive feature of oliguria symptoms caused by hypovolemia is dryness of mucous membranes and sunken eyeballs.

Other factors

Other causes include such pathologies as chronic renal failure, especially in its final stage, acute pyelonephritis, renal vein occlusion, gestosis during pregnancy. There are also patients who develop oliguria after surgery, and in this case the disease is a reaction of the body to a number of factors - dehydration, loss of large amounts of blood, severe infections leading to toxic shock, urinary obstruction caused by enlarged prostate gland. It is also possible to react to postoperative drugs, for example, diuretics, "Methotrexate" medication and anticholinergic drugs.

Diagnostics

For the disease "oliguria" treatment is appointed after diagnosis and identify the exact causes of pathology. The doctor examines the patient, studies his medical history, conducts a conversation in which important information is the amount of fluid consumed per day, the amount and color of the excreted urine. Particular attention is paid to the presence of any aggravating factors and accompanying symptoms - fever, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, increased thirst, recent injuries, medications, allergies.

Also, diagnostic tests are needed to confirm the causes of oliguria. The doctor prescribes a urine test to check for inflammation or infection in the kidneys. X-ray examination with the introduction of contrast agent helps to identify kidney stones and tumors, and ultrasound diagnosis is necessary to check the cyst.

Other diagnostic procedures include computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis, a cytoscopy in which a flexible telescope is inserted into the urethra. A blood test shows the presence of anemia, kidney failure and possible infections of the urinary tract.

Signs and Symptoms

Oliguria is classified based on the factors that caused the disease. For example, prerenal oliguria develops as a result of renal hypoperfusion and reduced fluid intake, resulting in dehydration, diarrhea, bleeding and sepsis. Renal occurs due to impaired renal function caused by taking medications, hypoperfusion, that is, reducing their filtering ability. A postural oliguria develops when urinary outflow is difficult due to an increase in the prostate, tumor, hematoma.

The disease is determined based on the amount of excreted urine. For example, in infants, it is diagnosed with a urine volume of less than 1 ml per kilogram of weight per hour, in older children less than 0.5 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour, in adults less than 400 ml per day. If a person notices a steady decrease in the amount of urine produced, this is a cause for concern and may signal the presence of the "oliguria" ailment. In children, the first 3 days of life, an inadequate amount of urine produced is considered the norm. This is a feature of kidney function in this period. It is called the "transitional oliguria".

In adults, the disease is often manifested by common symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, diarrhea, often high fever and vomiting. If a gradual decrease in diuresis occurs within two weeks, then the cause of the disorder may be acute necrosis of the renal tubules. Symptoms of oliguria may also include arrhythmia, muscle weakness, lethargy, confusion, itching, seizures, heart failure. The formation of stones in the ureters, urethra and kidneys also often leads to oliguria. Symptoms are as follows: severe pain in the groin, pubic region and in the zone of the external genitalia, nausea, bloating, vomiting, fever and chills.

Oliguria and nephrotic syndrome in children

Since the kidneys are responsible for the production of urine in the body, the features of diuresis can be considered as a reflection of the state of these organs. Nephrotic syndrome is a common kidney problem in children and often leads to the development of renal failure. In a healthy kidney, blood passes through it and gives off excess fluid, waste and creatinine, forming urine. For children with nephrotic syndrome, a decrease in diuresis means that the kidneys are not able to normally filter blood. The less urine is produced per day, the more severe the condition of the kidneys. Oliguria in children with nephrotic syndrome is a dangerous sign, as it indicates that damaged kidney tissue can not be restored. Under such circumstances, immediate medical attention and treatment are the only option to avoid dialysis and the need for kidney transplantation.

Cope with the nephrotic syndrome can be with the help of drug therapy, but the affected kidney tissues to restore is already more difficult.

Treatment of the disease

Oliguria is a disease, effective treatment of which foresees three consecutive stages:

• Elimination of pathological cause, underlying disease;
• Restoration of the body's homeostasis;
• Treatment of complications.

Therapy of an ailment always depends on the cause that caused it, and in most cases diuresis can restore and normalize the body. One of the methods of treatment today is the insertion of a catheter into the urethra in order to eliminate its obstruction and withdraw the accumulation of urine. If there is a risk of kidney failure, then instead of the kidney an artificial filter is used, which allows to restore the normal removal of waste products from the blood.

In some cases, hospitalization is necessary, in the hospital the patient is given intravenous fluid, if dehydration of the organism is observed. It is also indicated to stop taking any medications that may have a toxic effect on the kidneys. It is important to restore normal renal perfusion, this requires correction of arterial hypotension and vasodilating medication.

Polyuria, anuria, oliguria

Problems with the development and excretion of urine can be of a different nature. There are also forms of disturbance of diuresis, in addition to such a malfunction as oliguria. Anuria is a pathology in which the flow of urine into the bladder is suspended. It is important not to confuse anuria with acute urinary retention, when it enters the bladder, but does not leave it. Another violation is polyuria, in which urine, on the contrary, is formed very much. The increase in urination may be due to diseases of the kidney itself, with hormonal and other disorders of the body. Polyuria, oliguria, anuria require treatment, which is based, first of all, on eliminating the root cause.

Home remedies for treatment

There are several natural and safe means for treating oliguria, the risk of side effects from their use is minimal. Some of the popular recipes are very popular and have long been used to normalize diuresis. For example, juniper berries are very useful , which help to remove toxins from the body, and stimulate the work of the kidneys and pancreas.

A very effective mixture of ground cilantro and buttermilk (skimmed by-product in the preparation of butter). Drink such a drink during each meal. The leaves and roots of anemarenes are very useful in treating oliguria. All you need to do is pour a tablespoon of the dried mixture of this plant with 300 ml of boiling water and let it steep for a couple of hours. To improve the condition, drink two glasses of this infusion daily until the diuresis normalizes.

Very effective in treating the disease are the seeds of plantain and the root of gentian. Receiving the decoction from these herbal remedies contributes to urination, in addition, reduces edema of the prostate gland. Many healers are advised to drink so-called copper water. Pour clear water overnight into a copper container, and the next day drink this water with copper ions. Increase the flow of urine can be using a cardamom powder, diluted in warm milk. Drink such a drink every day until the result.

So, we discussed such issues as oliguria, symptoms, treatment of the disease. In case of any manifestation of the disease, immediately consult a doctor. In addition, it is recommended to avoid fatty and salty foods, to eat balanced, including in your diet as many fresh fruits and vegetables. Urinate immediately, as soon as urge to urinate. Drink more water, protecting your body from dehydration.