Nosematosis: treatment and prevention, description of symptoms

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Apiary in our time can bring a significant income to the beekeeper. After all, there is a main product of such farms - honey - in our country is quite expensive. However, the owner of the apiary can receive good profits, of course, only with the proper care of insects. Among other things, the beekeeper should have an idea of the most common diseases of his "pets". Also, the beekeeper, who wants to make his enterprise profitable, is also aware of how to prevent and treat such infections.

One of the most common and complex diseases of bees is nosematosis. This fungal infection often inflicts irreparable harm on the farms of this specialization. нозематоз, лечение и профилактика которого будут рассмотрены нами ниже, способен уничтожить даже и всю пасеку полностью. At its epizootic peak, nosematosis, the treatment and prevention of which will be considered below, can destroy even the whole apiary completely.

Symptoms of the disease

The bees that caught this infection differ from the healthy ones primarily by the fact that they begin to eat a very large amount of perga and honey. In addition, insects become restless and irritable. In particular, the well-increased activity of diseased bees is manifested in winter. Infected insects begin to fly out of the hive even in frost. When the latter is examined, the beekeeper can notice just a huge amount of feces on the floor and walls of the winter hut.

Bees that flew out of the beehive quickly perish. The feces of infected insects themselves have a watery consistency and a very unpleasant odor. When drying, the stool masses are transformed into a "crust" of a characteristic species.

очень опасная. Nosematosis - a disease of bees is very dangerous. араженные с емьи начинают сильно отставать в развитии от здоровых. Of course, those infected with the families begin to lag far behind in development from the healthy. и резкое сокращение расплода. The beekeeper can, among other things, notice a sharp reduction in the brood.

Approximately two weeks after infection, the initial signs change more pronounced symptoms. By this time, sick bees usually significantly reduce flight activity. They also gradually begin to weaken the reaction to various external stimuli. The insects look really sick and very sluggish. Trying to fly out of the hive, they simply fall to the ground and die.

When inspecting dead insects, the beekeeper may notice, among other things, the following signs of the disease:

• Bloating and some loosening of the abdomen;

• Inverted wings;

• Paralysis of the extremities.

What causes the disease

лечение и профилактика нозематоза, должен знать каждый пасечник. Every beekeeper must know how to treat and prevent nosematosis . рибка-паразита — Nozema . The main goal of both these procedures is to destroy the causative agent of the gum parasite- Nozema . The latter settles in the midgut of an insect, in epithelial cells. Spore forming forms of this microorganism can live in this not only in the body of the bees themselves, but also in the surrounding environment.

Varieties of nosematosis

There are only two main forms of this disease:

• Sharp;

• Hidden.

Most often in domestic bees, the last variety of nosematosis is observed. Above, signs of an acute form of the disease have been described. The latent nosematosis, as already can be judged by its name, is very difficult to diagnose. In this case, the disease manifests itself mainly only in a small decrease in the activity of insects and frequent changes in the uterus. In addition, such families begin to lag far behind in development from healthy ones. Under certain circumstances, latent nosematosis can go to bees in acute form.

Prevention, treatment of nosematosis of bees: pathways of infection

Insects are infected with this fungus most often through feed. Having developed in the intestine of the insect, the parasite begins to excrete spores. The latter go out together with the stool of the bee. In doing so, they infect honey and honeycombs. Most often, nosematosis is caused by those insects that were kept in the cold season with honey. To promote the development of the disease can also lingering winter or a high level of humidity in the hives.

What you need to know about

— процедуры, безусловно, важные. Prevention and treatment of nosematosis - procedures are certainly important. ьшинстве случаев эта инфекция в улье сопровождается и рядом других, также достаточно опасных, заболеваний. However, the beekeeper should know that in the majority of cases, this infection in the hive is accompanied by a number of other, also quite dangerous, diseases. зараженных насекомых часто развивается хронический паралич конечностей. So, for example, infected parasites often develop chronic limb paralysis. Viruses threadlike, Y and black queen cells and can only be infected with bees, who suffer from nosematosis.

Nozema , ослабляя организм насекомых, способствует развитию разного рода бактериальных инфекций. In addition, the fungus Nozema , weakening the body of insects, contributes to the development of various bacterial infections. Very often this disease is also accompanied by European or American foulbrood. It is noticeable in infected bees and a tendency to additional infection with pathogens of ascosphere and aspergillosis. Often the presence of Acarapis woodi in the hive and mites is also noted.

Laboratory diagnostics

атентного должно проводиться, конечно же, только с предварительной точной диагностикой. Treatment of the disease of bees nosematosis lentennogo should be, of course, only with a preliminary accurate diagnosis. заболевания, чтобы убедиться в заражении именно грибком Nozema, пасечнику стоит обратиться к ветеринарам. With this form of the disease, to be sure of the infection is the fungus Nozema, the beekeeper should contact the veterinarians. It will be very useful to cooperate with specialists and for the prevention of nosematosis. It is believed that it is necessary to bring samples from the apiary for analysis for the presence of this disease at least once a year.

In any case, the test for the laboratory should include at least 50-100 bees (live or fresh detritus). If there is a suspicion of nosematosis, veterinarians will also need to bring the dead uterus, 5 g of honey, 0.5 g of perga, rinsing of the sotoremoks and scraping of feces from the hive.

Prevention of disease

In order to avoid infection with nosematosis of bees, the beekeeper should necessarily perform such activities:

• The honey left for winter is checked for dropping;

• Honeydew honey is replaced with flower or sugar syrup;

• Every winter, bees are fed at least 3-5 kg of sugar;

• In the summer, direct the activity of insects to the construction of nesting honeycombs.

Also, the beekeeper should produce an autumn build-up of families. Keep bees should be only in dry wintering. гнезда желательно сократить. At the end of February, it is desirable to reduce the nest. лечение и профилактика нозематоза весной. Most often, treatment and prevention of nosematosis in the spring.

What if the bees get sick?

If nosematosis was detected, the beekeeper should immediately take measures to get rid of the hive from the parasite. When diarrhea in bees you need:

• Perform an early exhibition of insects from the winter hut;

• Clean up donja, replenish fodder reserves;

• Create the conditions necessary for the bees to maintain their temperature around the brood at 35 ° C.

The nest should be collected in the center of the hive. In this case, the honeycomb should be left exactly as much as the bee can cover with a thick layer. Nests should be properly insulated. Weak families are recommended to plant in a hive of two (divided by a thin partition).

How to treat nosematosis in bees: using fumagillin

Actually, the treatment for nosematosis itself, as already mentioned, is done with the use of chemical preparations. Very often, for this purpose, fumagillin is used, for example. For 1 liter of sugar syrup of this drug will need about 50-100 mg. The temperature of the medicinal mixture should be about 30 degrees.

Give the syrup with the medicine to the bees in the spring 2-4 times. At the same time, a break between treatment should be 1-2 weeks. For each family need to spend about 200 ml.

Treatment with eneroseptol

If desired, you can try to treat insects and using this Hungarian drug. It is also very good for diarrhea. The proportions of the drug mixture in this case will be equal to 1 gram of the drug per 1 liter of syrup. This composition is also recommended to use in the spring or at the end of winter.

What you need to do more

олжны производиться в обязательном порядке. Prevention and treatment of nosematosis must be done without fail. омимо скармливания лекарства, пасечнику придется еще и тщательно продезинфицировать улей. However, if a fungus is found, in addition to feeding the medicine, the beekeeper will also have to thoroughly disinfect the beehive. For this purpose, for example, a 4% formalin solution or 2% quinazole can be used. Some beekeepers also use a blowtorch for disinfection.

Water-formalin treatment

In this case, honey is first pumped from the honeycombs. Then they are washed with warm water. The latter is removed on a honey extractor. Honeycombs directly on the street moisturize with a warm solution of formalin. Then they are put in boxes, packed and transferred to the room (20-25 ° C) for about 3 hours. At the end of this time, the honeycombs are washed with water and centrifuged. Then they are rinsed again and moistened with ammonia (1%) to remove the smell of formalin. After drying, the honeycomb is returned to the hive. The bees usually take them very well.

The use of acetic acid

To disinfect the beehive when nosematosis is detected it is possible and with the use of this substance. In this case, undiluted acetic acid should be used. For each beehive it is necessary about a glass. Of course, you do not need to pour the acid inside. For disinfection, the hives are filled with honeycombs, frames, feeders and put on top of each other, laying rags soaked in vinegar. Below set the bottom. The upper case is covered with a wooden ceiling and a beehive roof. All the existing slots are thoroughly smeared with clay. In this state, the shells are maintained for 3 days at a temperature of 16-18 ° C.

Other infections

Of course, nosematosis is a very serious disease and can even ruin a beekeeper. But of course, this is not the only dangerous infection that a beekeeper should know about. Another unpleasant infection, capable of causing significant damage to the beekeeper, is varroatosis. In this case, the bees are infected not by the fungus, but by the Varrroa destructor. Also, families often suffer from ascospenosis. This disease, as already mentioned, sometimes accompanies nosematosis. является оно прежде всего в высыхании трутневых личинок. Pro is it primarily in the drying of the larvae of drone.

ачастую проводятся пасечниками одновременно. Treatment and prevention of nosematosis, varroatosis and ascosferosis often occur by beekeepers at the same time. In this case, beekeepers use both chemical agents and folk (mostly various types of herbs). Of course, with varroatosis and ascosferosis, disinfection of the hives should also be carried out. In the latter case, as with nosematosis, a blowtorch is often used.

Instead of concluding

профилактика и лечение нозематоза и варроатоза. Of course, mandatory procedures should be conducted in the apiary for such procedures as the prevention and treatment of nosematosis and varroatosis. It is these diseases that infect the hives more often. And if the owner of the farm does not take appropriate measures, he probably will not get any income from the apiary at all.