Musical terms. List of the most famous musical terms

The world of music is multifaceted, several main directions form the basis of the entire musical culture. Classic, symphony, blues, jazz, pop, rock and roll, folk, country - there are different genres and styles for every taste and for any mood.

Origin

Music as art emerged in the early sixteenth century, when the first bow and pinch instruments appeared. Much earlier, primitive whistles, horns and pipes were made, which were made from reeds, animal horns and other improvised means. In the seventeenth century, the musical culture was already developing at a rapid pace: the instruments were appearing more and more, the musicians began to form groups, duets, trios, quartets, and later orchestras.

Musical notation

The musical instrument appeared before the musical instruments, because singing, the art of vocal required some kind of system, the ability to write on the paper the invented melodies and only then to perform them. So there was a musical mill and all the famous seven notes. Folding notes in a certain order, it was possible to get a melody, compositionally simple, because there were no halftones. Then came sharp and flat, which immediately expanded the possibilities of the composer. All this concerns the performing skills of musicians who adhere to the theoretical foundations of music. But there are a lot of masters who play only by ear, they are not familiar with the theory of music, they do not need it. Such musicians include blues and country musicians. Several memorized chords on a guitar or piano, and the rest is completed by natural talent. Nevertheless, with terms that are directly related to their art, these musicians are familiar, but only superficially.

Appearance of musical terms

In order not to get confused in the styles and directions of music, various instruments and adaptations, musical terms were invented. Gradually, everything that has to do with music has its name. And since music was born in Italy, almost all musical terms were adopted in Italian and in its transcription. Some song titles are written in French or Latin, depending on their origin. Italian musical terms reflect only the general picture and can be replaced in some cases by other names that are similar in meaning.

Italian origin

Music is a vast layer of world culture that requires a serious systemic approach. The musical terms were approved at the level of the linguistic committees of the leading European countries, including Italy, and thus received official status. Administrative support of music institutions around the world is based on the use of terms in accordance with their application - guides and manuals have been created for this purpose.

Known terms

The most famous musical term is the "treble clef", everyone knows it. The meaning of the most popular names is difficult to overestimate, there is a kind of axiom in their writing, the same thing happens when we hear a certain phrase. For example, the most musical term is, of course, "jazz". In many it is associated with Negro rhythm and exotic variations.

Names and classification

It is impossible to unequivocally determine the most famous musical term. This category includes the name "symphony", a synonym for classical music. When we hear this word, an orchestra appears on the stage, violins and cellos, music stands with notes and a conductor in a dress coat. Musical concepts and terms help to comprehend what is happening in the concert hall and to understand the essence of the work more deeply. A sophisticated audience attending concerts in the Philharmonic will never confuse the adagio with the andante, since each term has its own definition.

Fundamental terms in music

We present to your attention the most famous musical terms. The list includes such names as:

• Arpeggio - alternating chord notes sequentially, when sounds are lined up one by one.
• Aria is a vocal work, part of an opera, performed with the accompaniment of an orchestra.
• Variation - an instrumental work or his excerpts, performed with various complications.
• Gamma - alternating notes in a certain order, but without mixing, up or down to an octave repetition.
• Range is the interval between the lowest and the highest sound of the instrument or voice.
• The scale is sounds arranged in a row in height, similar to the scale. The scale can be present in musical works or in their fragments.
• Cantata is a piece for concert performance by an orchestra, soloists or choir.
• Piano - the arrangement of a symphony or opera for interpretation on a piano or for singing accompanied by a piano.
• Opera - the most important musical genre, connecting drama and music, music and ballet.
• Prelude - an introduction to the main musical work. Can be used as an independent form for a small work.
• Romance is a work for vocal performance with accompaniment. It is characterized by a romantic mood, melodiousness.
• Rondo - the repetition of the main theme of the work with the inclusion of other accompanying episodes between the refrains.
• Symphony - a piece performed by an orchestra of four parts. It is based on the principles of the sonata form.
• Sonata is an instrumental work of a complex form of several parts, one of which dominates.
• Suite - a musical work of several parts, different in content and contrasting with each other.
• Overture - an introduction to a work that briefly reveals the main content. Orchestral overtures, as a rule, represent an independent musical work.
• Piano - the unifying name of instruments acting on the principle of hitting a hammer on a string by means of keys.
• Chromatic gamma - gamma from halftones, is formed by filling intermediate half-tones of large seconds.
• Texture is a way of expressing music. The main types: piano, vocal, choral, orchestral and instrumental.
• Tonality is a characteristic of the frets in height. The tone distinguishes the key signs of alteration, which determine the composition of sounds.
• Tertsia is a three-step interval. The big third - two tones, small - one and a half tones.
• Solfeggio - lessons on the principle of tutoring in order to develop musical ear and its further development.
• Scherzo - a musical sketch of a light, humorous nature. Can enter into a major piece of music as its component. It can also be an independent music piece.

The musical term "allegro"

Separate techniques are widespread. As an example, we can cite the musical term "allegro" (allegro) - "fast," "fun," "expressive." It immediately becomes clear that the work contains major expression. In addition, the musical term "allegro" refers to the unusual, and sometimes festive, of what is happening. The style that is characterized by this concept seems to be the most life-affirming. Only in rare cases, the musical term "allegro" means a calm and measured development of the plot, the play or the opera. But in this case the overall tone of the work is cheerful and expressive.

Terms that determine the style and genres of music

The names are divided into several categories. The tempo, rhythm or speed of performance is determined by certain musical terms. List of symbols:

• Adagio (adagio) - quietly, slowly.
• Adjitato (adgitato) - excited, excited, impulsive.
• Andante (andante) - measuredly, slowly, thoughtfully.
• Appassionato (appassionato) - alive, with passion.
• Accelerando (accelerando) - increasing the pace, accelerating.
• Calando (calando) - with extinction, reducing speed and reducing head pressure.
• Cantabile (cantabile) - singing, singing, with feeling.
• Con dolcherezza - softly, with tenderness.
• Kon forza (con forza) - with force, energetic.
• Decrescendo (decrescendo) - gradually reducing the strength of sound.
• Dolce (dolce) - gently, with sweetness, gently.
• Dolorozo (doloroso) - with sadness, plaintively, with despair.
• Forte (forte) - loudly, with force.
• Fortissimo (fortissimo) - very strong and loud, thunderous.
• Largo (largo) - widely, freely, slowly.
• Legato (legato) - smoothly, calmly, serenely.
• Lento (lento) - slowly, slowing down even more.
• Legiero (legiero) - easily, smoothly, thoughtlessly.
• Maestoso (maestoso) - majestically, solemnly.
• Mysterioso (misterioso) - quietly, mysteriously.
• Moderato (moderato) - moderately, with the arrangement, slowly.
• Piano (piano) - quietly, quietly.
• Pianissimo (pianissimo) - very quiet, muffled.
• Presto (presto) - quickly, intensely.
• Semper (sempre) - constantly, without changing.
• Spirituality (spirituozo) - spirituality, with feeling.
• Staccato (staccato) - abruptly.
• Vivace (vivace) - alive, soon, non-stop.
• Vivo (vivo) - the pace, the average between presto and allegro.

Terminology of a technical nature

• A treble clef is a special icon placed at the beginning of the score sheet, indicating that the note of the first octave "salt" is on the second line of the music camp.
• Bass Key - an icon that confirms the finding of the "fa" of a small octave on the fourth line of the musical camp.
• Bekar - an icon denoting the abolition of the "flat" and "sharp" signs. Is a sign of alteration.
• Diez - an icon denoting a sound increase by a half tone. Is a sign of alteration.
• B flat - an icon denoting a semitone sound reduction. Is a sign of alteration.
• Double-sharp - an icon denoting an increase in sound by two semitones, a whole tone. Is a sign of alteration.
• Double-flat - badge, indicating a decrease in sound by two semitones, a whole tone. Is a sign of alteration.
• Zaktak is an incomplete measure that gives rise to a musical work.
• Signs, which reduce the note of a note, serve to simplify the note writing in case of its vastness. The most common: tremolo, a sign of reprise, signs of melismatic.
• Quintal is a form of five notes, replacing the usual group of four notes, the designation is the number 5, under or above the notes.
• Key - an icon indicating the place of sound recording on a musical ruler in relation to other sounds.
• Key marks are the alternation icons that are placed next to the key.
• Note - an icon placed on one of the rulers of the musical camp or between them, indicating the height and duration of the sound.
• Notch mill - five parallel lines for placing notes. The placement of the music icons is from the bottom up.
• Score - musical notation, separate for each participant of the performance of the work, taking into account compatibility of voices and instruments.
• Reprise - an icon indicating the repetition of any part of the work. Repetition of the fragment with some changes.
• The step is a designation of the order of arrangement of the sounds of the mode, denoted by Roman numerals.

Music terms for all time

Musical terminology is the basis of contemporary performing art. Without terms it is impossible to write notes, and without notes a professional musician or singer will not be able to play or sing. Terms are academic - do not change with time and do not go away. Invented more than three hundred years ago, they are still relevant.