Mushrooms listed in the Red Book of Russia (photo). Rare fungi of Russia, listed in the Red Book of the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh regions

How many-sided and beautiful is our world! In every corner of the planet there is a huge number of unique plants and animals that fascinate with their beauty and uniqueness. Unfortunately, through the fault of mankind, every year they become less and less. In this article, we will consider in detail the fungi included in the Red Book of Russia, which should be cherished and appreciated.

Briefly about the Red Book

The Red Data Book of Russia is considered a key municipal document that indicates endangered animals, animals and plants, as well as individual subspecies and local populations. Total in the Red Book of Russia:

• 8 groups of amphibians;
• 21 species of reptiles;
• 122 groups of birds;
• 74 species of mammals.

Each species is characterized by a certain degree of extinction. It is calculated on the basis of the total number of existing organisms. Probably everyone is interested in whether this important book for our ecology replenishes. Certainly, as the animal and plant world change, new names are introduced into the publication.

The Red Book of Nizhny Novgorod

In Nizhny Novgorod, the public movement "Let's Protect Ecology" is active. In total, about 50 plant species are found in the region, which are found in the Red Data Book of Nizhny Novgorod. And they are often threatened with extinction because of an unscrupulous attitude of the authorities and the people themselves.

At the beginning of this year, the public movement held a conference in which its participants tried to find out whether rare species of plants and animals could survive on the territory of the Russian Federation and the region itself. A detailed plan was also drawn up, which implies a number of measures aimed at restoring and protecting nature.

Rare species of fungi that need protection

In the public park of Nizhny Novgorod grow scaly wood fungi listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The public movement "Protecting the Environment", which we mentioned earlier, has been asking the local authorities for more than a year to take measures and create a structure that will monitor the safety of rare populations.

Almost every resident of Nizhny Novgorod is familiar with the park of Alekseev. The situation with him is getting worse every day. It grows quite rare mushrooms in Russia, listed in the Red Book. It's no secret that this park is given for building. The municipal government was informed in time about the discovery of the Red Book plants, but it did not announce this to the prospective builder. Unfortunately, no adjustments have been made to save the rarest plants to this day.

Also, a large number of appeals go to the eco-center "Ptitsa" about the annual rigging of the Oka slope, on which a huge number of rare and unique plants grow. Every year they have to inform the local administration about the inadmissibility of mowing the ramp before the end of the year. However, requests are not taken into account. Ecologists found that in the summer the grass is cut for better fruiting cereals. And the local authorities do not think about other plants, including those that are listed in the Red Book.

The rarest species of fungi in the Moscow Region

The central areas of our country, as the most populated, suffer most from human economic activity. Therefore, fungi, listed in the Red Book of Russia, are protected by environmentalists and the state. Very few people know, but if you cut a rare species, you risk not only a fine, but a very real term of imprisonment. Let's take a closer look at the fungi included in the Red Book of the Moscow Region. To date, the territory of the capital is forbidden to destroy the chestnut, the lumpy fly agaric, the red lattice, the white aspen and the purple spider web. Their destruction is punishable by law.

Voronezh Reserve

In Voronezh there is one of the most unique reserves in Eastern Europe. There are more than a thousand different plants in it. In the protected area, according to preliminary data, more than 300 species of archimycetes grow. Among them there are mushrooms, listed in the Red Book of the Voronezh region.

The Voronezh Reserve is unique in its location. It is located between two climatic zones, and on its territory there is a river. Thanks to this feature, almost every rare plant can continue its life activity in the reserve. Moreover, it became known that new, previously unknown species appeared on its territory.

Ecology and schoolchildren

Not every schoolboy knows which mushrooms are listed in the Red Book of Russia. For many years now, students of the lower grades have been taught lessons in which they learn which plants and animals need our protection.

The purpose of this lesson is to familiarize students with the Red Book and endangered species of plants and animals. Usually such classes take place before the summer holidays. Students are struck by their beauty rare mushrooms, listed in the Red Book of Russia. For the third grade, practical classes are usually organized, in which pupils go to botanical gardens or reserves to get to know the unique plants more closely.

Another important goal of the lesson is to teach schoolchildren the rules of behavior in nature. The teacher explains to the students how important it is to appreciate everything that surrounds us, and why some species are threatened with extinction.

A bill aimed at preserving nature

Animals, plants and mushrooms, listed in the Red Book of Russia, are threatened with extinction. Every year, environmentalists are fighting for the conservation of rare species.

The government of the Russian Federation has been very carefully following the safety of our ecology for the last couple of years. The Russian legislation provides for article 8.35, which implies punishment for violators who commit acts leading to the extinction or reduction of the number of rare animals and plants.

In Moscow in 2011 there was an interesting case. In the course of a routine inspection of pet stores in the Moscow Region, animals, plants and mushrooms from the Red Book were found in one of them.

At repeated check it was revealed that there are no documents for rare species at the store owner. The court decided to confiscate from the owner of the pet store the endangered species of animals and plants and ordered him to pay a fine.

The most unusual mushrooms

Sometimes we do not even think about how beautiful the environment is and how unique the fungi are in the Red Book of Russia. The photos are located in the article, this is confirmed. Varieties of mushrooms surprise us with their uniqueness. They differ not only in color, but in form. Among the unusual mushrooms there are also similar to amazing flowers, and cup-shaped, and even those that are similar to human organs.

One of the most incredible mushrooms is marine. Most often it is found in Australia. Its peculiarity is an unpleasant smell resembling rotten meat. Thus, the mushroom lures the flies, which, in turn, spread its spores.

Another unique fungus is a star. It can be found almost anywhere in the world. In some tribes it is considered curative and is used in medicine. Also, there is an opinion that it is the starter who is able to predict the upcoming weather.

In the coniferous forests there is also a bleeding fungus. Over time, a large number of cherry drops form on its surface, which resemble blood. It has a bitter taste and is therefore inedible.

As we said earlier, some mushrooms resemble human organs, among them an orange tremor. It resembles the intestine. When drought, this fungus wrinkles, and after a rain again becomes large. It is believed that such a mushroom though it has no taste, but still is edible. However, the mushroom pickers of the Russian Federation do not know how to properly prepare a shaker, so the fungus is not of value to them.

Rare mushroom in the Novgorod region

In 2012, a rare species of mushrooms was found in the Batetsk region - the Bloksam. Prior to this, this species was not seen on the territory of the Russian Federation. These fungi, listed in the Red Book of Russia, before that even biologists saw only in books. Moreover, over 40 species of previously unknown plants were found on the territory of the region.

Biologists believe that such an abundance of rare plants and fungi in the Batetsk meadow is associated with a high level of carbonate in the soil. Students of a nearby school observe daily life of unique species. So people do not throw garbage on the meadow, they made a trench. However, this territory was allocated for the construction of a sand pit.

Ecologists demand that Batetskiy Meadow be given the status of a protected area. Only this will preserve the unique types of plants and fungi.

Unique find in Moscow

In the east of Moscow, unusual fungi, recorded in the Red Book of Russia, were found - canine mutines. This species was brought to Europe from America during the Second World War. In the Russian Federation, this fungus is extremely rare.

The fungus has an oblong shape and a bright color. Usually its length is about 7 centimeters. Also the mushroom gives off an unusually unpleasant and sharp smell, which can be felt at a distance of five meters.

Specialists of the Department of Microbiology of Moscow State University explained that bright colors and a sharp aroma are necessary to attract flies. According to experts, it was the insects that brought the spores of this rare fungus.

Summing up

The nature of the Russian Federation is extraordinary. It fascinates us with its beauty and uniqueness. Unfortunately, quite often people become the culprits of the extinction of rare species of plants and animals. If we do not now think about ecology, very soon many rare organisms can disappear. We recommend that you study all kinds of flora that are listed in the Red Book of Russia so that, because of your ignorance, they do not become the cause of their extinction.