Migration of labor force

Migration of the population refers to its movement inside or outside the country. Allocate different types of it, which depends on the purpose and direction of migration. By nature, it is family, recreational, tourist and labor. It is on this type of migration that we will dwell in more detail, consider its classification and characteristics that are inherent in this process in our country.

"Labor migration" is a term that is understood as the movement for the purpose of doing work. As a rule, we are talking about the able-bodied population, most often under the age of 40 years. In the direction of travel are:

• Labor emigration;
• Migration of labor within the country.

The first type is connected with the "leakage" of qualified personnel abroad due to the inability to perform their work for a worthy reward. Such emigration comes from countries of Eastern Europe, India, and Africa. As a country of entry, the United States, Canada and Western Europe are usually chosen in this case. Another type of labor emigrants - low-skilled, including seasonal, workers. They replace vacant places, vacant because of the unwillingness of the local population to work for a low salary. The negative side of this phenomenon can be called a decrease in the cost of labor in the market and a possible violation of law and order and emigration legislation. This leads to dislike of visitors and discontent in the country. The problems created by labor migration with low qualifications are especially relevant for the countries of Europe, which is the topic for a separate article.

There are different approaches to the study of labor migration. In the economic approach, labor migration is viewed as a way of regulating the number and distribution of labor resources and a positive factor in stimulating competition. The psychological approach studies the motivational sphere of this phenomenon. Sociological - the problems of adaptation of labor migrants in society.

Migration processes within the country are also related to finding a job that can satisfy not only material needs, but also the needs for professional growth, housing, allows changing social status, lifestyle, etc. Internal migration can also be permanent and seasonal.

Characteristic of our country is the migration of labor to the Central Region, as well as temporary migration for the purpose of shift work. In the last two decades, a positive migration balance has been observed in both capitals, as well as in the Krasnodar Territory and the Volga District. The outflow of population comes from the cities of the European North, Siberia, and the Far East. The problem of unemployment in the regions is quite acute, while the need for labor resources in the northern regions where the deposits are being developed remains.

Recently, the introduction of unsuccessful programs that stimulate migration within the country has begun. However, up to now, the legislation in the migration sphere has been mainly directed at solving difficult issues related to the often illegal labor migrants from the near abroad. Difficulties with the distribution of labor are connected, among other things, with the legacy of the Soviet era, an unnatural structure of the distribution of the population with reference to the residence permit. At the same time, natural labor migration is complicated by the low level of economic development of the regions, and the relatively high cost of travel and rental of housing. Therefore, in spite of the fact that the country has the need for additional labor resources, the population is still not sufficiently mobile in comparison, for example, with the countries of Europe, and the labor migration of the population of Russia needs additional incentive measures.