Materials for waterproofing the foundation: types, classification, characteristics

The foundation is the part of the building that undergoes the greatest load. The reliability of this component of any structure depends on the durability of the building. When destructive processes begin, this causes deformation of the remaining elements. Therefore, higher requirements are imposed on the waterproofing of the foundation. This is relevant for private houses, since almost every owner of such a building uses a basement or basement.

Such work should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, protecting the entire structure from moisture. On the foundation water acts differently, often negative factors are activated simultaneously. It can be:

• precipitation;
• The groundwater;
• Flooding of rivers;
• snow melting.

Some believe that in some cases, the waterproofing of the foundation may not be carried out. This belief is short-sighted, since the house is built for decades, and after a while construction can begin nearby, which will lead to soil motions that affect the location of underground water layers. Even if there is a motorway next to it, it can have an impact.

There are also many other reasons that could entail a change in the configuration and level of occurrence of water in the ground. Within a year the depth of the water location will change, the climate is also not sustainable. If you still have not decided whether to make a waterproofing of the base of the house, then you should take into account that the repair of the basement will cost considerably more compared to the construction of the house box. Before starting the work, you should familiarize yourself with the main varieties of the waterproofing material and their characteristics.

Horizontal insulation

If it is a monolithic ribbon foundation, the horizontal waterproofing should be located in two places, namely in the basement, at the point of joining the wall to the foundation, and also at or below the level of 20 cm of the basement floor level. This technology can be realized only at the stage of erection of the house.

Before the manipulations begin, heavy clay is deposited on the bottom of the foundation pit, the thickness of the layer is 30 cm, it should be well tamped, and a 7-cm layer of concrete should be poured on top. It is necessary for waterproofing. Before laying, the solution should dry and settle for 15 days. Further, its surface is smeared with bitumen mastic throughout the area, and a layer of roofing material is laid on its surface.

The next step will be the treatment of the surface with mastic and the laying of another layer of ruberoid. From above it is necessary to pour a 7-centimeter layer of concrete, which is leveled and glazed.

Horizontal waterproofing must necessarily provide for the ironing of concrete, since this stage refers to measures that provide waterproofing. On top of the concrete, after 3 hours, a 2-cm layer of cement should be covered, which is sieved through a sieve. The surface is leveled, after a while the cement should get wet from the moisture contained in the solution. With the received basis it is necessary to arrive on the same technology which is applied at arrangement of a usual coupler. From time to time, its surface is wetted with water until the concrete reaches its design strength and does not dry.

For reference

All of the above materials for the waterproofing of the foundation will be an effective protection of the base, which, after drying, must be covered with bituminous mastic, by topping the roofing material or any other similar material. This procedure should be repeated twice to create two layers. The edges of the material, which hang from the base, should not be cut off, they are turned down and pressed in the form of a vertical waterproofing.

Vertical insulation

Choosing materials for the waterproofing of the foundation, you should first of all think about what technology will be used by you. If it is a vertical waterproofing, then bitumen materials can be used. In this case, the master will have to resort to the lubricating method with the use of bituminous resin. Most often it is purchased in bars. To carry out the work, it is necessary to prepare a large container, in which 30% of the used oil is poured. To it it is necessary to add 70% of bitumen.

The container is heated, for which it blows to build a fire or install a barrel on the gas stove. Once a liquid mixture is formed inside, a vertical waterproofing can be carried out, which involves applying the formulation to the surface. The last one must first be aligned. Use in the process of work you need a brush or roller, with the help of one of which bitumen is applied to the surface. In doing so, you should try to smudge all joints and corners. It is necessary to start from the base of the base, having completed manipulations of 20 cm above the ground. It will be necessary to form about three layers of bitumen, so that the total thickness of the material is about 5 cm.

Nuances of bitumen waterproofing

Bitumen waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only with the use of hot composition, so you need to make sure that the mixture does not freeze. Having stood for 5 years, the surface will begin to become covered with cracks and break down, this will cause water penetration into the concrete. To extend the life of the coating waterproofing, it is necessary to use bitumen-polymer mastics, which almost do not have the disadvantages of pure bitumen, since they are durable. In the market of building materials, you can find mastics of cold and hot application, as well as polymer solutions, the latter of which can have a liquid or rigid consistency. To apply such materials for the waterproofing of the foundation, it is necessary, following the instructions, which may involve the use of a sprayer, spatula or roller.

Rolling materials

Roll materials can be used as a separate layer of waterproofing or in tandem with lubricants. The ruberoid is considered a popular and cheap material for pasting insulation, it is fixed on the surface of the foundation, which is pre-treated with mastic or bituminous primer. At the next stage, the ruberoid is heated by the burner and strengthened to a vertical surface with the formation of an overlap within 20 cm.

This technology is called surfacing. There is a technique that involves fixing the ruberoid with adhesive mastic. By the way about the above, the resulting layer must be covered with bituminous mastic and lay another layer of ruberoid.

Recommendations of a specialist for waterproofing with a pasting method

If you decide to use roll materials for the waterproofing of the foundation, then before the fusing of the roofing material, the edges should be wrapped down and reinforced with the fusible roll materials. Instead of ruberoid, it is permissible to use modern materials like "Glass-insulated" or "Technoelast". As their polymeric basis is a polyester, which increases the quality of elasticity and durability. Despite the fact that the price is higher than the roofing material, these materials are recommended by specialists for insulation of the foundation. With their help, however, it will not be possible to ensure the strength of the coating without the additional use of mastic, since they do not have the ability to penetrate into the pores.

Plaster insulation

This method is fairly simple and performs the function of hydroprotection of the substrate, leveling the surface. To the ingredients of the plaster mixture it is necessary to add waterproof components, which after mixing are applied with a spatula. In order to ensure the holding on the foundation of the composition, it should be strengthened with a dowel by means of dowels.

Plastered waterproofing has advantages in the form of low cost and high speed of work. However, there are also disadvantages, expressed in low water resistance, fragility and the possibility of cracks.

For reference

Recently, polymer concrete has become increasingly popular, the use of which is common in modern construction. They are a modern version of a concrete mix, in the manufacture of which a polymer is used instead of cement or silicate. Initially, the material has the form of a viscous fluid, called a synthetic resin. When forming a foundation of polymer concrete, a structure is obtained that is resistant to moisture and provides for the creation of the most simple waterproofing system.

Choosing a waterproofing by the manufacturer

"Isoplast", the price of which is 150 rubles. Per square meter, is a durable, reliable and high-quality material, which is used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings for different purposes. It is made on two bases: fiberglass and polyester, and as a protective top layer, slate powder is used.

Laying of this material is carried out on a previously prepared base by fusing. This will require a gas burner. Bonding can also be carried out on bituminous mastic. "Isoplast", the price of which depends on the variety and can reach 180 rubles. For one square meter, retains heat resistance at a temperature of + 120 ° for 2 hours.

Characteristics of Technoelast

"Technoelast Technonikol" is another type of waterproofing for the foundation. It is a surfacing material of increased reliability. It can be used at a constant pressure of groundwater and low temperatures. According to the manufacturer, "Technoelast Technonikol" can be used in conditions that are unlikely to be able to withstand other materials. This insulation is made by applying a bituminous-polymer binder to a polyester or glass-fiber substrate. The laying of the "Technoelast" is carried out with the help of a propane torch.

Conclusion

Mastic "Aquaizol" can be used by you as a foundation insulation. It is a bitumen composition, which is consumed in a volume of 0.45 kg / m ² . It assumes the need for a manual method of applying a cold composition. The thickness of the formed layer should be 10 mm.