Material values: classification and accounting

To work for the enterprise, apart from equipment and premises, certain material values are needed.

This group includes basic and auxiliary materials and raw materials, waste return, purchased semi-finished products, spare parts, fuel, packaging materials and containers.

Raw materials and basic materials are employees for the production of material values. Raw materials include products from the extractive industry (livestock, minerals, livestock products, grain, etc.). To the same materials, the products of processing enterprises (plastic, flour, cloth, etc.)

Auxiliary are called material values, used for the impact, processing of raw materials and basic materials. They allow you to impart certain consumer properties (flavoring, food coloring) to the product . In addition, auxiliary materials are used for the care and maintenance of tools (lubricating components).

The purchased semi-finished products include materials and raw materials that have already been processed, but are not yet finished products. They are acquired from outside enterprises, and they play an identical role, like raw materials with basic materials.

Recycled waste products are remnants of materials and raw materials that were formed during the creation of finished products and lost some or all of the consumer properties of materials and raw materials (shavings, sawdust, etc.)

Fuel can be technological, motor and economic. It is used accordingly for technological purposes, as fuel and for heating.

Tare materials and containers are material assets that are used for transportation, packaging, storage of products and materials (boxes, barrels, boxes, bags).

Spare parts are used to replace machinery and machine parts.

These material values are subject to analytical and synthetic accounting. For successful implementation of these tasks, a clear document circulation system and the documentation itself must be installed, a nomenclature-the price list should be present, an inventory and a controlled sample check of the residual material values should be conducted in the established order.

Each group has its own subdivision into grades, types, sizes, brands. To organize the correct accounting of material values, the enterprise develops a nomenclature - a price list. This is an ordered list of names of semi-finished products, materials, spare parts, fuel and other valuables that are used by the firm. This document should include information on each material, its correct technical name (in accordance with GOST), a full characteristic (grade, brand, unit of measure, size), as well as the nomenclature number, which is a symbol essentially substituting for the listed characteristics.

In the case where the nomenclature contains the accounting price of the material, it is called the nomenclature-price tag. In the future, when issuing documents on the movement, they indicate the name of the material along with the nomenclature number. This will help to avoid mistakes by making entries in the accounting and inventory records of materials.

Given the material and spiritual values, it is necessary to comply with the basic requirements:

The movement of materials and the presence of stocks (movement, flow, arrival) must be reflected completely, be continuous and continuous.

All operations performed on the movement of stocks are processed in accounting primary documents.

Accounting for material values must be performed promptly and reliably, reflecting their quantity and valuation of reserves.

The requirements also include compliance of synthetic accounting with analytical data on balances and turnover at the beginning of each month.

The data of operational and warehouse accounting for the movement of stocks in the structural units of the enterprise must correspond to the figures of accounting.