Accounting statements of the organization (PBU 4/99). The structure of financial statements and general requirements for it

According to the current legislation, legal entities are obliged to form accounting statements. Order of the Ministry of Finance of 6.07.1999. No. 43n, a normative act was introduced that establishes the rules for its compilation. They are PBU 4/99.

"Accounting statements of the organization" ("Consultant Plus")

Normative rules regulate the structure of internal financial documents of the enterprise, determine the methodological basis for their formation. PBU 4/99 "The accounting statements of the organization" (the current act) applies to all legal entities. The exception is banking structures, as well as municipal and state enterprises.

When is it allowed not to use the Position?

) разрешено не применять на предприятиях, составляющих финансовую документацию для внутреннего пользования. "Accounting statements of the organization" (PBU 4/99 ) are allowed not to apply at enterprises that make financial documentation for internal use. The norms of this act are not applicable to companies providing information to interested persons under rules not regulated by the above-mentioned order of the Ministry of Finance.

Objectives

говоря, предназначено для определения типовых форм финансовых документов и пояснений к ним. PBU 4/99 ("Accounting statements of the organization"), in short, is intended to identify typical forms of financial documents and explanations to them. This document is used by the Ministry of Finance to establish the procedure for reflecting information from small businesses and NGOs. ) определяет правила формирования сводных таблиц, документации в случае изменения статуса компании. In addition, the "Accounting Reporting Organization" (PBU 4/99 ) determines the rules for the formation of summary tables, documentation in the event of a change in the status of the company. In the latter case, we mean the liquidation or reorganization of a firm. The normative act also determines the procedure for the publication of financial documents. The goals set out above are fixed in paragraph 3 of PBU 4/99. The accounting reporting of the organization should be compiled by competent employees. They are required to understand the terms used in accounting. The basic concepts are disclosed by the normative act " Accounting statements of the organization" (PBU 4/99).

Definitions

The main terms used in the normative act include:

1. Accounting reporting.
2. Users.
3. Reporting periods and dates.

The first should be understood as an integrated system of information about the financial status of the company, the results of its economic activities. Based on what data is the organization's accounting statements compiled ? источников называет документы учета (регистры, первичные бумаги и пр.). ПБУ 4/99 as sources names documents of the account (registers, primary papers and so forth). The control period is the time period within which financial results are formed and reflected. The reporting date refers to the day on which the subject provides documents. Another important definition used in the normative act is the user. He is a subject interested in obtaining the relevant reality, full information about the financial status of the firm.

Documentation

) определяет обязательные формы, которые должны заполняться хозяйствующим субъектом. " Accounting statements of the organization" (PBU 4/99 ) determines the mandatory forms that must be filled in by the business entity. They include:

1. Balance.
2. Tables showing losses and profits.
3. Applications.
4. Explanatory note.

In some cases (defined by law), an audit report is additionally included in the structure of the documentation. The indicated list is present in paragraph 5 of PBU 4/99. , таким образом, является комплексным документом, отражающим разные стороны деятельности компании и итоги работы. The accounting reporting of the organization , therefore, is a complex document reflecting different aspects of the company's activities and the results of the work.

Documentation requirements

содержит ряд предписаний, которые должны соблюдаться лицами, отражающими финансовые данные. " Accounting statements of the organization" (PBU 4/99) contains a number of regulations that must be followed by persons who reflect financial data. First of all, the documents must contain complete and reliable information about the company's situation, the results of its economic activities. The main criterion in this case is compliance with the requirements established in the regulatory acts of the supervisory bodies. If the compilation of any data is not enough, the documentation should be supplemented with the necessary indicators and explanations.

Nuances

An enterprise may not comply with the prescription on the completeness of the information provided, if it is impossible to obtain the required indicators for objective reasons. The data that is collected in the process of preparing financial documents should be neutral. In particular, it is meant that information can not influence decisions made by interested users evaluating the information provided.

Complexity of data

This requirement is considered one of the key. The information presented in the reporting should contain indicators reflecting the results of activity of all structural units of the organization, representative offices, other divisions, including those that maintain independent balances. Documents must be drawn up in sequence. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the continuity of the structure of forms, in which the indicators for different time intervals are fixed. Accordingly, the forms containing information used for the subsequent composition of the balance must be constant. They can only be changed in exceptional cases. For example, when moving to another type of activity. At the same time, the enterprise must be prepared to justify the changes by making explanations to the financial documentation. Reporting should be formed taking into account continuity of results for different periods. If there are discrepancies, the specialist who prepares the documentation can adjust the indicators. At the same time, he needs to give explanations to the executed operations in the appendices to the report and the balance sheet.

Specificity of information reflection

There are several nuances that should be considered when working with the PBU. Consider the main ones. First of all, the indicators of liabilities, assets, expenses, revenues of the company are reflected separately, if they are essential for a reliable analysis of the state of the enterprise. If they are not of particular importance for assessing the financial position of the firm, they can be included in the additions to the report and the balance sheet.

Checklists and periods

They are paid special attention in the PBU. As the key date is the last day of the year. The reporting period is equal to the calendar year. For a newly registered company, it forms a time interval from the date of registration until December 31. It should take into account the nuance. If the company is registered after October 1, then the accounting year for it lasts from the date of registration to 31.12 of the following year.

Additional rules

There are a few special requirements set in the PBU. First of all it is necessary to say that each element of the financial documentation must contain a set of mandatory requisites. They include:

1. Company name.
2. Control period and date.
3. Document's name.
4. Information about the organizational and legal type.
5. The way indicators are reflected.

In the order of the Ministry of Finance it is also prescribed to compile the documentation in Russian, and use the ruble as a monetary unit. The reporting must be certified by the head, ch. Accountant or other employee with the appropriate authority.

Balance sheet

It has a passive and an asset. The indicators contained in them, characterize the financial position of the company on the reporting date. Assets and liabilities are classified into long- and short-term. The latter include funds / debts, the period of use / repayment of which is less than a year. For long-term assets / liabilities, the term is longer than 12 months.

The document on losses and profits

On the basis of the report, the enterprise's incomes and expenses are classified. The document reflects the results of business transactions made during the control period. The analysis of the report is of particular practical importance for managers and interested users. The results of the firm's activity show the level of its stability, solvency, payback.

Apps

They contain explanations for the report and the balance sheet. The purpose of the annexes is thus to disclose information that is present in financial documents that are provided for familiarization to interested users. In the explanations, the reporting specialist provides justification for any deviations from the rules, indicating their reason. The annexes also reflect the financial consequences of the non-compliance with the rules governing the formation of financial documents. In supplements to information sources there may be information related directly to the economic operations performed by the enterprise. As a result, interested users receive complete and reliable data about the financial condition of the company, the sources of their receipt.

Conclusion

Accounting reporting must comply with the legislative requirements, the provisions of local acts adopted by the organization, if necessary, according to the policy. Documents reflecting the financial condition of the firm, should be transparent and understandable to users. If the specialists had to refuse from the application of those or other norms when compiling reports, this should be justified in the annexes. The indicators presented in the documents must correspond to the actual state of affairs. Otherwise, responsibility for the unreliability of the information is possible. PBU corresponds with many normative acts regulating the procedure for the formation of financial documentation. Not all the nuances are disclosed in the normative act. Therefore, the specialists responsible for the preparation of reports must have prompt access to all other legal acts.