Technologies of drawing up of the accounting reporting. Basic principles of reporting

Within the framework of the interdisciplinary course (MDC) "Technology of compilation of accounting statements," the specifics of the formation of documentation reflecting information on the facts of the economic activities of the organization are being studied. The work on filling out accounting forms is regulated by regulatory acts, coordinated by the government of the Russian Federation, which granted the right to regulate the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank, as well as other departments and structures. Let's consider further, what are the features of using the technology of compiling accounting reports.

General information

Accounting is considered to be an important stage of accounting activity. It is between the recording of economic events and financial analysis. Formation of documentation, as well as the preparation of tax reports, allows you to implement key accounting tasks.

They include:

• Generalization of reliable and complete information about the work of the enterprise, its property status. The data is provided to the internal (managers, owners, participants) and external (creditors, investors) users.
• Providing information that is necessary for stakeholders to monitor compliance with legislation, the availability and movement of material values, the use of financial, labor and other resources, in accordance with approved estimates and standards, the fulfillment of obligations.
• Prevention of negative results of economic operations, identification of internal reserves of financial stability.

From the above, it follows that buh. Reporting acts as an information base for analyzing the work of the company and making administrative decisions. The purpose of the formation of documentation is to provide reliable and complete data to a wide range of subjects on the company's financial condition and changes in it.

Standards

In the globalized economy, specialists are forced to use 2-3 technologies to compile accounting reports. They are guided by different standards. In such circumstances, the company's expenses for the preparation, verification and disclosure of indicators on the one hand, and on the other hand, the significance of the submitted documentation for users is significantly reduced. The latter is due to the fact that different amounts reflected in the same articles significantly reduce investor confidence.

In this regard, there was a need to bring together accounting technology used in different countries. The generally accepted standards are IFRS, IFRS. These are sets of documents that regulate the rules for reflecting information on the financial performance of an enterprise that is required by the stakeholders. Between 1973 and 2001, the development of standards was carried out by the IFRS Committee. In 2001, it was reorganized and was renamed the Council.

Key objectives of IFRS

The main objectives of the international standard were:

• Approximation of requirements for accounting and reporting in different countries.
• Creation of unified rules for the formation of documentation on the capital market.
• Increase informative value for users.
• Achieving comparability of information on enterprises from different countries.
• Reducing the cost of preparing consolidated documentation of multinational corporations.
• Reducing the cost of generating reports of enterprises whose shares are in circulation on the world capital markets.

Basic principles

IFRS, in contrast to a number of national regulations, is not based on strict requirements, which must comply with the technology of accounting. Practice should be carried out so that professionals are guided in the work by principles, rather than looking for gaps in peremptory norms.

The basic provisions of IFRS include:

• Use of the accrual method. All results of operations should be recognized upon their implementation, but not at the time of payment / receipt of funds.
• Continuity of activity. The enterprise does not plan to terminate or significantly reduce the scope of work.

Structure of IFRS

Standards include:

• The concept. It defines key provisions in the preparation and provision of financial documentation.
• Directly the standards themselves. They are considered as key approaches to accounting and reporting on transactions and other facts of the economic life of the enterprise. Within the framework of the standards, methods and principles of classification, valuation, recognition of assets, capital, liabilities of the firm, requirements for disclosure of additional information about them are determined. For example, IFRS 16 sets out rules for fixed assets.
• Interpretation of standards. These acts clarify the application of IFRS and are some kind of instructions.

Specificity of accounting technology

If the financial documentation is subject to mandatory audit or publication, an auditor's report is attached to it. Representatives of small businesses form buh. Reporting on a simplified scheme. In particular, they create a balance sheet and disclose the financial result. In the annexes to these documents are given indicators, without knowledge of which it is impossible to assess the property state of the company. The reports include information on groups of articles without detailing the information.

In the cases provided by the norms or by the founders, the enterprise forms intermediate documentation. It includes the balance sheet, a report on financial results. Additionally, explanations can be attached. Intermediate documentation is formed for a period not exceeding a year (quarter, month, 6 months), cumulative from the beginning of the year no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period.

Required requisites

Forms of reporting should include the following information:

• The name of the form.
• The reporting date on which the documentation was compiled, or the period for which it is formed.
• The full name of the organization. It must correspond to the information present in the constituent documents.
• INN.
• Type of main activity.
• Organizational and legal form or type of ownership.
• Unit of measurement. The format of reflection of numerical values (rubles, million, etc.) should be specified.
• Address of the company.
• Date of signing the report.

Key rules

Accounting statements are in Russian, the ruble is used as the currency. The documentation does not allow blots, erasures. Reporting must be signed ch. Accountant, and also the head of the enterprise. For each numerical value, except for the first financial period, information for at least the last two years should be given.

The information of the accounting reporting is reflected in thousand rubles. However, decimals are not used. Enterprises with a large turnover of sales can give information in millions.

Preparatory stages

Reporting indicators are summarized in the accounting system. Its essence is to implement the following steps:

• Processing of primary documentation provided by persons with material responsibility.
• Filling of grouping and cumulative statements.
• Systematization of the primary documentation in the accounting registers.
• Generalization of data on objects in the accounts in the general ledger. As a basis for the information, the final information of the accounting registers is provided . The balances, credit and debit turnover, and if necessary, analytical accounting data are used for reporting.

The order of formation

Reporting begins after the activities mentioned above. Then fill out the forms. Before compiling the reports, a set of procedures are conducted to obtain the most accurate information. They include:

• Verification of records on accounting accounts and correction of errors detected before the day of reporting.
• Clarification of indicators of assessment of liabilities and assets.
• Reflection of the financial result of the firm.
• Reconciliation of analytical and synthetic accounting data as of the reporting date.

Filling out forms is a procedure for transferring grouped data from registers to the appropriate sections. The main source of information is the General Ledger. The content of the financial statements includes also information of analytical accounting.

An Important Moment

When compiling reports, the form indicators should be interlinked. This means that when filling out the forms, a comparison is made between the values reflecting the assessment of the same components of the financial state of the enterprise in various documents. Reporting is open to interested users. In this regard, it should be possible to get acquainted with it in a timely manner. In addition, the obligation of the enterprise is the free provision of documentation in one copy of the Federal Tax Service and the bodies of state statistics. The reporting direction to these instances is carried out not later than 3 months from the end date of the year.

Automation

In the conditions of rapid development of information technologies, the heads of many enterprises try to ensure the efficiency and convenience of the activities of their specialists. This task is realized thanks to the introduction of automated systems. One of the most popular programs is 1C 8.3. Accounting, using this platform, gets a lot of opportunities and tools for solving operational problems.

The main objectives of the system are:

• Full automation of the processes of information synthesis.
• Transformation of accounting data into tax reporting indicators.
• Automated filling of forms.
• Reconciliation of credentials.

When using the 1C 8.3 platform, accounting significantly saves time and avoids many errors.