90 account - "Sales". Account subaccount 90

Every commercial organization is interested in a thorough analysis of financial results during the whole period of economic activity. For the timely monitoring of current incomes and expenses, several accounting accounts are used: 99, 90, 91. Obtaining reliable information on the structure, dynamics, and the volume of performance results is possible only if the data on these accounts are correctly reflected.

Account Characteristics

Account 90 "Sales" is the most complex in structure, which makes it possible to receive and evaluate the interim results of the enterprise. It should be noted that the main line of work, which is spelled out in the statutory documents, is implied. This type of activity brings a constant financial result, which in the total amount of the total takes no less than 5-7%, with the possibility of the enterprise to engage in any type of work permitted from the legal point of view. The following can be singled out as the main direction:

1. Release of various types of products (goods, semi-finished products, raw materials, etc.).
2. Provision of a certain list of services (communication, transportation, utilities, household, etc.).
3. Performing works of varying degrees of complexity on terms of contract (non-industrial and industrial nature).

90 The account serves to reflect the amounts of all revenues for the main activity and the costs associated with it.

Reflection in accounting

The accounting account 90 is synthetic, active-passive, depending on the sub-account used in a particular situation. The balance (balance) does not exist at the beginning and end of the period, it is not reflected in the balance sheet. The main purpose of this account is to determine the financial (intermediate) result from the work of the enterprise for the current period. The calculated amount is transferred to form a general indicator of profitability or loss of work. The economic result is calculated as the difference between the turnover of sub-accounts. 90 account has a distinctive feature: it is completely closed only during the reformation of the balance, at the end of each calendar year. In the debit of the account all expenses are reflected, on the credit - received incomes (sales proceeds).

Structure of analytical accounting

For correct operation, account sub-accounts 90 are opened for the following items:

• 90/1 "Trade proceeds";
• 90/2 "Production cost of goods";
• 90/3 "VAT";
• 90/4 "Excises";
• 90/5 "Export duties";
• 90/9 "Profit and / or loss from sales".

Each sub-account is filled throughout the year with business transactions. The formed turnover at the end of each period is closed by 90/9 and has no intermediate balance. The financial and economic outcome of the work for the month is calculated as the difference between the debit turnover and the total credit turnover by sub-accounts. Depending on the sign, the value obtained is posted to the sub account 9, which is closed to account 99.

Revenues

To reflect assets recognized under the Accounting Regulations (accounting clauses) 9/99, the sub-account 90/1 is generated from the core activity. It takes into account the proceeds from the products sold, the work performed, the goods sold, the services, etc. The amount of the received income appears on the credit of the subaccount in correspondence with 62 accounts "Settlements with buyers" on debit. Wiring can also be used:

• Дт 76, Кт 90/1 «Proceeds from other debtors and creditors».
• Дт 50, 55, 52, 51, Кт 90/1 "The revenue is transferred to the settlement, currency, special account or to the cashier of the enterprise".
• Дт 79, Кт 90/1 "Income from a branch or a subsidiary".
• Дт 98, Кт 90/1 "A part of the received proceeds is attributed to incomes of the following period" (with advance payments).

The total turnover on the loan 90/1 is summarized and shows the proceeds from the sale in the current month, which in the future will serve to calculate the financial result from the main types of economic activities of the company.

Expenses

The production (full) cost price of the manufactured products is formed in the calculation accounts and is written off to the account 41, 43, 45, 40. At this price, it is recorded in the finished goods warehouse , which is stored until the moment of sale. When selling goods, products, providing various services and performing work, any organization bears additional costs that are not included in the cost of manufactured products. This type of costs is called commercial costs, which arise as a result of preparation and sale of products. They include according to PBU No. 10/99 the cost of advertising, additional packaging, transportation and storage. The posting account 90 in this case forms the following:

• Дт 90/2, Кт 43, 40, 41 "The goods (finished goods) are written off at the discount price".
• Дт 90/2, Кт 42 «The trading extra charge is spent».
• Дт 90/2, Кт 44 "the sum of commercial (realization) expenses" is added ".

Trade enterprises do not form the cost of production, assets bought for sale are reflected in 45 accounts. At realization all additional (commercial) expenses are spent on Кт 44 "Circulation costs".

Taxes

If the enterprise, in accordance with the procedure established by law, is the payer of the excise tax, VAT, the sale of works, products, services is performed with the inclusion of these types of tax in the total cost. Accounted for the taxes to be paid to customers on 90/3, 90/4. In the event that an enterprise conducts international trade, the export duty is accounted for in the account 90/5. When calculating VAT, 90 accounts correspond to the completion of an economic transaction, the following posting:

• Дт 90/3, Кт 68 "The sum of VAT on the realized production is exposed".

Similarly, all taxes payable to budgets of various levels are reflected.

Balance Reformation

90 the account is closed in stages, first of all the turnover for the current period for each sub-account is determined. Each of them is closed with 90/9 wiring. Closing of account 90 is carried out in a certain order, according to the scheme:

1. Calculate the amount of transactions on the sub account 90/1, posting the sub-account is closed Дт 90/1, Кт 90/9.
2. The turnover of expenses is summed up and the final values are carried out by Debit 90/9, Credit 90/2, 3, 4, 5.
3. Turnovers for all sub-accounts and balances 90 should be zero.
4. On the 9th sub-account, we determine the financial result, which is calculated as the amount reflected by Am - the turnover of the CT account. Depending on the result obtained, it is written off to account 99.
5. Balance on account. 9 "Profit, loss from sales" should be closed at the end, that is, be equal to zero.

In the balance sheet account 90 is not reflected, for all final registers it is necessary to conduct an audit, possibly for a calendar year as a result of an error this account has an unclosed turnover. If such an amount exists, then it must be written off by the appropriate posting, and the balance is reorganized before the accounts are submitted. At the same time, the total value of account 91 "Other expenses and revenues" is written off, as a result of closing 90 and 91 accounts for 99, a financial result is generated from the work of the organization for the current year.

Automation of accounting

The work of a modern accountant implies the competent use of specialized programs. Closing of all necessary accounts occurs automatically at the end of the period. It is the responsibility of the accountant to carefully check the results of the conduct and reflection of business transactions. The study of the turnover-balance sheet and the analysis of the account will enable you to track the correctness of the consecutive closing of accounts for obtaining the exact result of the work. The 90 account is debited before the balance sheet is drawn up, it is of great importance for obtaining objective information. Therefore, for the chief accountant the process of balance reformation is especially important. It implies not only the correct closing of the account, but also the verification of its maintenance throughout the period.