The assets of organizations are ... Concept, types, structure, accounting

Assets of organizations are economic means available to enterprises in any form. They are managed by the company and obtained as a result of previous events in its economic life. Assets of an organization are those that the enterprise will use to make a profit. Let us consider them in detail.

Symptoms

The forthcoming economic benefits are the potential possibility of the means available to the firm, indirectly or directly to ensure the flow of money. There are a number of features in which resources act as assets of organizations. These are properties that provide opportunities:

1. Use alone or in combination with other means in the process of creating products for sale, providing services, performing work.
2. Exchange for other resources.
3. Use to pay off debts.
4. Distributions between members of the company.

Classification

There are two categories to which the assets of organizations are divided. This - the basic and current assets. The first are the property values of the firm, which repeatedly participate in production activities. The value of the organization's assets is transferred in parts to the original price of the products. In accounting for such funds include property whose useful life is more than 12 months. At the same time, their price is more than 10 thousand rubles. Non-current assets of organizations are:

1. Fixed assets. These include buildings, buildings, equipment, environmental management facilities, land plots.
2. NMA.
3. Construction in progress.
4. Profitable capital investments in tangible assets (leasing or rental agreement).
5. Long-term assets (loans, investments allocated for more than 12 months).
6. Other means.

Characteristics

The OS includes the means of labor that are used in the production process, the provision of services or the performance of work over a period exceeding 1 year. These assets participate in the work of the organization for a long time. In doing so, they retain their natural form. The value of assets is transferred to the products as they wear out (in parts).

NMAs are also objects of continuous use. At the same time, they do not have a physical basis, but they have a value estimate and yield an income.

To NMA carry intellectual property, organizational costs, business reputation. Profitable investments are a part of property, premises, constructions, equipment and other valuables that have material and material expression. They are provided by the enterprise for temporary operation for a fee. Capital investments are expenses of the firm for the production of construction and installation works, purchase of equipment, tools, tools and so on. The financial assets of the organization represent the company's investment in securities issued by the state (bonds, for example) or other economic entities. These funds also include loans granted to other firms. Investments can be carried out for a period of more than a year. In this case, they act as long-term assets. The company can also invest for a short period of time. In such a situation, these funds are considered as short-term assets. All these categories are reflected in the balance sheet in the first section.

Current assets

They are the property values of companies involved in economic activities, changing their original material form. They are consumed during the 1st production cycle. Their cost is also transferred to the original price of the product. However, current assets transfer it at a time.

Composition

To circulating assets enterprises include:

1. Accounts receivable.
2. Stocks.
3. Cash.
4. Short-term assets.
5. VAT on purchased valuables, etc.

MPZs include basic and auxiliary materials and raw materials, purchased semi-finished products, containers, spare parts, waste, fuel, household supplies, tools, animals for fattening and growing. Monetary funds form the organization's own capital. They accumulate in cash at the cash desk, as well as in settlement and other bank accounts. The organization's own capital can be spent on various needs. In the composition of settlement funds there are various accounts receivable. It consists of unpaid amounts of buyers, etc. Circulating assets are reflected in the balance sheet in the second section.

Efficiency of the use of funds

Information on the allocation of resources is reflected in the asset balance. For each category of funds is a separate article. According to the information provided, it is possible to determine the changes to which the company's own capital has been subjected, what proportion of the funds falls on real estate or working capital, and so on. The analysis of indicators for the enterprise is of key importance. First of all, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the use of assets, their degree of influence on the value of the entire business. At the same time, the head of the company must have information about the real price of each asset. Their combined value will allow us to assess the potential of the firm, its property complex.

Methods of analysis

By studying the structure of assets, a horizontal and vertical valuation method is used. The latter allows to identify trends in the change of those articles that positively influence the strengthening of the position of the enterprise in the market or vice versa, have a negative impact. Horizontal analysis is the formation of tables. In them, the absolute balance indicators are supplemented by relative values - the rate of decline / growth. Normally, basic values for adjacent periods are taken into account. This allows not only to analyze the dynamics of indicators, but also to predict them. Vertical analysis, in turn, is necessary, since the relative values to some extent ensure the smoothing of the negative impact of information processes that can significantly distort the absolute values. Both of these methods are mutually complementary. In this regard, in practice, tables are often built, according to which not only the structure, but also the dynamics of individual indicators is characterized.

Conclusion

The organization uses the assets at its disposal to achieve various goals and implement many tasks. In particular, resources are used in the production of products, the production of works, the provision of services aimed at meeting the needs of consumers willing to pay for goods received. Accordingly, this contributes to the flow of funds to the enterprise, increasing its solvency. Along with this, the assets contribute to the expansion of production, the improvement of the quality of the goods. The funds are directed to the purchase of equipment or its modernization, introduction of new technologies or approbation of the release of a new product. For any company, assets are one of the key elements of its activities. In this regard, the company needs to create an effective system for managing them.