Main types of real estate

The ownership of real estate is one of the most important features of civil society. Ownership of houses, apartments, office premises and plots is registered in the relevant bodies, thus forming a cadastral register. Usually real estate is associated with residential properties, but the spectrum of this category of property is much broader. In addition to the main varieties, there are separate groups of property, the positioning of which often presents difficulties in assessing market value. Nevertheless, the legal practice has developed a set of parameters by which it is possible to classify real estate relatively accurately . The concept and types of this kind of property will help to identify the features of financial and residential facilities, as well as to determine their investment attractiveness, which is important. But first you need to understand what objects in principle can be suitable for the definition of real estate.

Characteristics of real estate

Specialists distinguish three basic features on which it is possible to distinguish a real estate object - stationarity, material value and durability. Perhaps the main feature is stationarity, from which the name of this type of property as such occurs. This characteristic means that the object has an inseparable physical connection with the earth's surface. That is, the property is constantly in one place and does not involve moving without destructive processes. Although the most common types of real estate in the Russian Federation do correspond to this feature, this property is gradually softened and exceptions appear. At least, there are some kind of boundary categories that have some of the properties inherent in real estate in its traditional sense.

The next sign is materiality. First of all, it should be noted that any object of such property is susceptible to assessments in terms of physical characteristics. This can be data on the area, location, quality of structures and materials. Collectively, this information gives an idea of the possible use of the object - accordingly, its material value also arises. With regard to longevity, then initially this characteristic is conditional, so it clarifies the law. So, in accordance with the regulations, all types of real estate can also be divided into 6 groups depending on the technical condition and operational resource. The minimum service life of real estate is 15 years, and the maximum - 150 years.

Classifications of real estate

There are many approaches to the separation of real estate on various grounds. For example, realtors who work with apartments, in the first place, derive parameters such as the prestige of the area, the number of rooms, number of storeys and other characteristics. A somewhat different approach is applied if it is planned to classify types of real estate intended for commercial use. In this case, the division takes place primarily in terms of liquidity and profitability. However, the physical properties of such facilities and their distance from the city center in no small measure determine their investment attractiveness in the market.

If we approach the division of property in a broader sense, then the main factor in the classification will be the origin. In particular, they distinguish the types of real estate objects that were created by nature, as well as with human participation. There is also a third category - this is real estate, which was created by the efforts of people, but in the process of exploitation implies an inextricable link with nature. For example, minerals and land are the resources from which real estate objects of natural origin are formed. As a rule, they are initially in state ownership, but can also be transferred to private ownership.

Main types of real estate

To date, all real estate is divided into three main groups - land, commercial facilities and housing. Each category, in turn, assumes its own classifications and unique features. For example, a land plot can have a different purpose in terms of operation. We can say that this is the most ambiguous kind of property, which is explained by a wide range of ways of its application. On the other hand, housing and commercial property of this kind have their own unique features. For example, such objects may have different degrees of readiness for operation. For the land this property is irrelevant. It can be concluded that the characteristics, types and features of real estate are closely interrelated and help in determining each other. But, if you become more acquainted with the differences of each of the main types of real estate, then their specific features will become more pronounced. It is also worth noting that one type of property can be transferred to another. For example, an agricultural site can be retrained into land for individual construction and eventually a country house will appear in its place.

Residential Properties

First, you need to determine which objects can be called housing. As a rule, this term means a building with amenities that provide a person's living. Usually, types of residential real estate differ in their technical and operational characteristics. In combination, the properties of apartments and houses allow them to be allocated in the category of elite, standard, business properties, etc. Accordingly, the cost differs depending on the property belonging to one of the designated groups. It also provides for the division of housing into urban and suburban housing. In the first case, it usually refers to flats in individual houses and complexes, and in the second - to cottages. There are also border facilities. For example, in towns, townhouses are being built, intended for the residence of several families. Although similar objects retain the features of city apartments, owners can have an individual entrance and own plot near the house.

Separately, it is worth considering a condominium - this is the type of housing that can enter into different categories. To understand the features of this property it is worth to divide the types of real estate into individual and general. The condominium is characterized by the possibility of maintaining several houses or parts of one building in its structure, the premises in which will be used by different owners. Also, this type of property can provide for the presence of land plots. That is, in this case, one object may contain different units of real estate, which are combined into a common infrastructure.

Types of commercial real estate

In the real estate market, there are usually four main categories of commercial objects that differ in the nature of their operation. These are commercial, warehouse, office and industrial premises or complexes of areas. Often, a single object includes several units of real estate from different categories. For example, a sales area is connected to premises intended for storage of goods. A common characteristic of these categories of objects is the orientation toward the extraction of material benefits. You can say that these are types of financial real estate, which in one way or another contribute to the accumulation of funds. For example, production complexes are designed to manufacture products, storage facilities are used to store ready-made products for sale or further logistical handling of products, and retail facilities directly sell goods. Separately it is necessary to allocate office premises which can carry out various tasks from granting of those or other services to performance of operating functions - for example, on the same industrial and trading objects. Residential real estate, too, in some cases can be regarded as commercial. For example, if the landlord leases the area, thus extracting financial profit.

Land as a kind of real estate

As noted above, land is an object of real estate of natural origin and it can be considered as a basic property. Depending on what legal status a particular site has, its purpose is determined. The most widespread types of real estate are intended for agricultural use. In particular, land is allocated for pastures, pastures, hayfields, planting perennial plantations, etc. Sites designed for the maintenance of subsidiary farming can not be used, for example, to plant cultivated plants, but they can be used to build barns, baths, senics And other infrastructure of home ownership. Quite popular and the category of holiday homes. They differ in that the owner has the right to build small houses in their area. But such buildings do not belong to residential objects, that is, they are not designed for permanent residence. These buildings also have certain limitations in terms of communication support.

Separately, there is a category of land plots intended for individual construction. If agricultural types of real estate can not be built up with residential buildings, then the objects for IZHS allow the construction of private houses and cottages. It is noteworthy that many modern cottage settlements are being organized on former agricultural lands, which nowadays have acquired the status of IZHS. To a specific and low-spread group are sites for scientific stations. On such lands, research complexes and bases are organized.

Mobile Property

This is just the case when you can talk about the exclusion from the rules while managing the properties of real estate as such. Mobile objects that relate to real estate are represented by so-called houses on wheels. As a full-fledged real estate such designs are not so long ago received massive distribution in the US. Less popular are such types of real estate in Russia, but they are also used to settle villages located on remote construction sites. The advantages of mobile homes include low cost, undemanding choice of the location of the structure, as well as versatility in operation. Among the shortcomings are a low level of comfort, average characteristics of durability and unreliability. This is due to the fact that most of these types of constructions are not yet calculated for permanent residence.

There are also legal subtleties, which in no way allow us to consider such constructions as a full-fledged real estate. The concept and types of such objects may differ depending on the method of the technical device. So, the registration of documents for ownership right today is allowed for mobile structures, which are based on the foundation within the boundaries of the site owned by the owner of the object. In some cases, registration in the "house on wheels" is also permitted. Of course, the construction of a foundation for such a structure makes us forget about the properties of mobility, although if desired, the user can move the house to another location with minimal losses. Marine ships, which also belong to the objects of state real estate, partly fall into the same category, although they have the possibility of moving in fact.

The economic essence of real estate

Targeted extraction of material benefits is more characteristic of financial real estate. This is the reason for the existence of such objects. Commercial types of real estate, its investment properties and characteristics are determined by the attractiveness of the market. That is, indicators that determine the liquidity of the facility and its possible profitability in the eyes of a potential buyer or tenant. The erection of a multi-apartment residential building is also an investment project and belongs to the sphere of commercial real estate.

Specialists in this area are engaged in architectural planning, technical design of the house and perform its direct construction, focusing on the future investment attractiveness. But even after the completion of construction, putting the building into operation and moving the apartments into the status of residential real estate, investment characteristics remain. For example, even the first client of a company realizing the living space of this house may view the purchase not as a place for its future residence, but as a tool for financial investment with subsequent profit extraction in the sale.

Types of ownership of real estate

The most common form of property ownership is private property. A document confirming this right allows a particular person to dispose of a certain object of immovable property at his own discretion. In this case, there are different types of property rights in terms of private ownership. So, allocate individual and common property. The second variant takes place in those cases when one inseparable object assumes the presence of two or more owners. In this context, it is worthwhile to move on to a joint form of ownership, which is also considered to be common, but without the allocation of specific shares. If it is supposed to divide the property between owners, then we can talk about another form of ownership - equity. Common property implies the formation of common shares between owners, but their specific sizes are not specified. This may be a married couple's apartment, which was purchased in marriage for general financial means.

Conclusion

Still, the basis for the separation of real estate into different types and categories is the nature of the use. Based on the features of the future appointment, architects and builders form the operational qualities of the facility, which are laid at the stage of project development and are implemented already on the site. Provided and special legal properties, which have different types of real estate. Civil law establishes separate conditions for the maintenance, operation and commission of market transactions for different categories of real estate. For example, taxation can have different effects on residential and commercial real estate. Moreover, even within certain categories, there is often a differentiation in the approaches to the formation of normative documents regarding the maintenance and servicing of certain objects. This concerns, in particular, compliance with sanitary norms, rules of public service, issues of fire safety, etc.