Industry of India. Industry and Agriculture of India

One of the most developing countries in the world today is India. Industry and agriculture are largely state-owned. The role of these spheres in the formation of GDP is significant. If the first of them account for 29%, then the second - 32%. The largest share of GDP (about 39%) belongs to the service sector. The main industries of India are ferrous metallurgy, machine building, energy, light and chemical industry. They will be discussed further in more detail.

Metallurgy

Black metallurgy is one of the key areas of the state economy. This is not surprising, since the country is rich in deposits of ore and coal. The most important center of the region was the city of Calcutta, the neighborhood of which is often called the "Indian Ruhr". The largest metallurgical plants of the country are located mainly in the eastern states. In general, the industry is working to ensure the internal needs of the state. Among all extracted minerals, India exports only manganese, mica, bauxite and some iron ore.

The well-developed direction of non-ferrous metallurgy can be called smelting of aluminum, which relies on its own large stocks of raw materials. The need for other non-ferrous metals is met through imports.

Mechanical engineering

This industry in recent years has made significant progress. Quite developed are such areas as railcar, shipbuilding, automotive and aviation construction. The main branches of industry of India are provided at the expense of its own machine-building complex. The country produces almost all types of equipment. In this area, more than 40 enterprises operate, they are located in the largest cities of the state.

Textile industry

The second largest source of employment in the country was the textile industry in India. According to analytical data, now it employs about 20 million local residents. In 2005, the government abolished a number of taxes and duties in the industry, which contributed to a significant influx of foreign and domestic investment. After that, in a very short period of time, this sphere of the economy has transformed from degrading to rapidly developing. Its rapid growth stopped in 2008. The reason was the global crisis and a drop in demand in the world markets for textiles from India.

This industry has ceased to be attractive to investors, which led to a reduction of about 800 thousand of the newly created jobs in the industry. At present, the authorities are taking a number of measures aimed at limiting the construction of weaving mills. This is done, first of all, in the interests of the development of small enterprises operating in this area.

Chemical industry

The value of the products that India's chemical industry produces annually is on average 32 billion US dollars. Currently, the industry is experiencing a number of problems, which are due to high prices for raw materials and inputs, as well as competition created by imported goods.

The profitability of this sphere began to decline gradually in the nineties of the last century. Now in the country the production of mineral fertilizers, chemical fibers, plastics and synthetic rubber gradually improves. Such a sphere, as the pharmaceutical industry of India, exports its compounds and funds on average by $ 18 million per year. The main problem of the industry is that only a small proportion of manufactured products are exported. The only direction, which continues to grow substantially now, is a subtle organic synthesis.

Power Engineering

Although India's energy industry is developing very rapidly, the people's needs in fuel are provided mainly due to firewood and agricultural waste. The extraction of coal is established in the north-eastern part of the state. Transportation it to thermal power plants is quite expensive. Whatever it was, they accounted for about 60% of the generated electricity.

A significant step towards the creation of a modern energy system was the construction of hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants. The share of the former in the amount of electricity produced is 38%, and the second - 2%.

There is oil in the bowels, but such a branch as the oil industry of India is very poorly developed. Processing of "black gold" is organized much better, but it is based mainly on imported raw materials. The main such enterprises are located in the major ports - Bombay and Madras.

Agriculture

In the structure of agriculture in India, plant growing prevails. The main food crops grown are wheat and rice. An important export role is played by technical varieties, which include cotton, tea, sugar cane and tobacco.

The dominance of growing plants is largely due to climatic conditions. The rainy summer season provides ideal conditions for the cultivation of cotton, rice and reeds, while less dependent on moisture crops (barley and wheat) sow in a dry winter. Thus, plant growing in India develops all year round. The state fully provides itself with food crops.

In many respects because of Hinduism animal husbandry in the country practically does not develop. The fact is that this religion does not just not encourage the use of meat, but even calls the processing of skins "dirty" craft.

Conclusion

The development of industry in India is only gaining momentum. In terms of its absolute size, the state is among the world's top ten leaders. At the same time, the level of the national product per capita is extremely low. Do not forget that India is an industrial-agrarian country in which the economy with the prevailing agricultural production has been preserved since colonial times.