Density of asphalt. Asphalt composition, GOST, brands, characteristics

As one of the most frequently used road building materials today, asphalt is used, the GOST of which presupposes the need to maintain density and composition. To date, there are several brands, varieties and types of this material. The basis for classification is not only the original components, but also the ratio in the composition of their mass fractions. The asphalt is divided into categories also for the reason that the constituents may have different fractions, as regards crushed stone and sand, and also the degree of purification of the mineral powder.

Composition

The composition of asphalt implies the presence of:

• Gravel;
• Rubble;
• Sand;
• Bitumen;
• Mineral powder.

As for rubble, some varieties of this coating do not provide for its use. However, gravel or gravel is necessary if asphalting of the territory is carried out taking into account strong short-term loads and high traffic to the cover. The mentioned materials act as a frame-forming protective element.

As a mandatory raw material used mineral powder, it is contained in any variety and grade of asphalt. The mass fraction of this powder is determined taking into account the requirements and tasks for viscosity. If you use a mineral powder in a large volume, the material will have the ability to suppress vibrations in bridge structures, without covering with cracks.

As mentioned above, sand is used in most brands and types of asphalt. Its quality is determined by the degree of purification and the method of production. The material can be extracted by an open method, in which case it requires thorough cleaning. The cornerstone of the industry is bitumen. This is a product of oil refining.

The mass fraction of bitumen in most grades of asphalt does not exceed 5%. However, if necessary, asphalting of territories that have a complex terrain, bitumen can be applied in a volume of up to 10% or more. This raw material gives the density and elasticity of the mixture after solidification. The finished composition is easily distributed on the site, because it has fluidity.

Density and basic characteristics of natural asphalt

The density of asphalt is one of the first characteristics that interests professionals and private developers. Its natural variety is a low-melting solid mass of black color. On the fracture, the material may have a dull or shiny color.

The density of asphalt is 1.1 g / cm³. The melting point can vary from 20 to 100 ° C. The composition contains oil in a volume of 25 to 40%, as well as tar-asphaltene, which can be contained in a volume of 60 to 75%. As for the elemental composition in percent, it looks like this:

• C is 80-85.
• H is 10-12.
• S is 0.1-10.
• About 2-3.

The density of asphalt is already known to you, but this characteristic is not the only one that interests consumers. Among other features, it is necessary to distinguish the method of formation from residues or fractions of oil as a result of evaporation of light constituents and oxidation under the influence of hypergenesis.

Characteristics of artificial asphalt

Artificial asphalt is also called asphalt mix. It is a compacted composition of mineral powder, crushed stone, bitumen and sand. There is hot asphalt, which is stacked by the method of compaction when exposed to a temperature of 180 ° C or more. If low-viscosity bitumen is used in the production process, the laying is carried out at a temperature ranging from 40 to 80 ° C. If liquid bitumen is used, the asphalt is cold and compacted at a temperature of -30 ° C.

Main grades of asphalt and GOST

The density of coarse-grained asphalt has been mentioned above, but you should also know that the percentage of ingredients in the composition affects the brands and types of asphalt. Today, there are generally accepted three varieties, which are manufactured in accordance with GOST 9128-2009. In these standards, you can learn about the possibility of adding additives that increase the hydrophobicity, frost resistance, wear resistance and flexibility of the coating.

Asphalt of grade 1 contains:

• Screening;
• sand;
• Crushed stone;
• concrete;
• Mineral powder.

This coating includes dense materials, in which the content of crushed stone can vary from 30 to 60%. This should include high-density, crushed high-porous and porous asphalt. Asphalt, the GOST of which must be taken into account in production, can be manufactured under the brand 2. This material contains:

• Crushed stone;
• concrete;
• Screening of crushing;
• sand;
• Mineral powder.

This category includes highly porous sandy, porous, as well as dense asphalts, in which the content of crushed stone can vary from 30 to 50%, while the mixture from crushing and sand can amount to 70%.

The density of asphalt is already known to you, but you need to know also that there is a brand of asphalt 3, it contains:

• Screening of crushing;
• Mineral sand;
• Bitumen powder.

In this case we are talking about mixtures, crushed stone and gravel in which can be contained in the range from 30 to 50%. The screening of crushing and sand is contained in a volume of 30 to 70%.

Description of brands

The density of asphalt (t / m3) is 1.1. However, this is not all that one should know about properties. For example, grade 1 asphalt can be highly porous or dense with a high content of crushed stone. The area of use of this cover is road improvement and construction. As for grade 2 asphalt, the range of its density remains approximately the same, but the percentage of gravel and sand varies widely. This asphalt is considered the most average. A mixture is used to build roads, arrange areas, repair coatings, as well as the formation of sites and parking lots.

Conclusion

The density of asphalt (t / m3) is 1.1. But this parameter is not the only one you should know. For example, it is worth mentioning also about the asphalt deposit, which extends to the territory of the former USSR, the island of Trinidad, Venezuela, France and Canada. Mixed with mineral constituents, among which gravel and sand, the material turns into a powerful bark on the surface of oil lakes. Such coverage is common in the areas of exit and shallow occurrence of oil-bearing rocks to the surface of the earth.