Power of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: accident, recovery

The capacity of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the largest in Russia. It is also the sixth largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located in Khakassia, on the Yenisei River, not far from Sayanogorsk.

Structure of station structures

The main object of the station is an arched-gravity dam made of concrete, which has a height of 245 meters and a length of 1066 meters. The width of the dam in the base is 110 meters, and along the ridge 25 meters. The dam can be divided into four parts. The left-bank and right-bank blind parts are 246 m and 298 m long respectively, the drainage part is 190 meters long, and the station section is 332 meters long.

The dam is adjacent to the dam building of the hydroelectric power station.

An uncompleted facility is a coastal spillway under construction (commissioned in 2011).

General information

Before the 2009 accident, the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP produced 15% of the electrical energy produced in Russia's hydropower plants and 2% of the country's total electricity.

The capacity of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is 6400 MW. Power plant - the flagship of domestic hydropower. If you take into account the Main hydro-power unit, the capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is 6721 MW. On average, a year the station gives the country 24.5 billion kWh. The maximum output was achieved in 2006, when a large summer flood allowed the station to produce 26.8 billion kWh of electricity.

The dam of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is one of the highest in the world. Reliability, which allows it to withstand the pressure of water, is achieved by 60 percent by its own weight and by 40 percent due to the use of the upper belt of arches, which transfers the load to coastal rock. For this purpose, the dam during construction was cut into the rock of the left bank by 15 meters and the right bank by 10 meters. With the base of the channel, the dam is also connected by means of a tie-in to a depth of 5 meters. Such an innovative design made it possible to use less by 20% the amount of concrete, in comparison with structures of gravitational type.

Ten hydropower units with a capacity of 640 MW each are located in the hydropower plant. The dam is unique, similar to the arched-gravity type of construction in Russia there is only one of the Gergebilskaya HPP, but its power is noticeably less than that of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. The Yenisei River makes it possible to achieve much more power than the Karakoysu River.

At present, the spillway of the dam has a throughput of 13,600 m3 / s. Since the maximum water inflow to the track is registered in the amount of 24,400 m3 / s, it was decided to build an additional spillway. This facility is designed to increase the overall throughput capacity of spillways by 8,000 m3 / s.

The Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex includes the Maynskaya HPP, which has a capacity of 321 MW and functions as a counter-regulator.

The reservoir, formed by the dam, has a total volume of 31 cubic meters. Km (of which useful - 15 cubic km). Its area is 621 square meters. Km. The water quality of this reservoir is very high, which made it possible to organize on it fish farms that grow trout. The creation of the reservoir resulted in the flooding of 35,000 hectares of agricultural land. I had to move more than 2700 buildings. A biosphere reserve is located in the zone of the reservoir.

The station was designed by the institute "Lengidroproekt".

Economic importance

As of 2001, the cost of electricity at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was 1.62 kopecks. For kWh. The level of profitability of electric power production at Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is more than twice as high as the profitability of thermal power plants. In addition, it is the most powerful means of compensating for peak differences in the generation of electrical energy in the power system of Russia.

The main consumer of electricity produced by the power plant (75%) is the aluminum plant in Sayanogorsk (the corporation "Russian Aluminum"). The plant was commissioned in 2006 specifically to use the power of a power plant, which was not in demand due to insufficient power transmission lines.

Tourism

The station itself and its engine room are interesting as tourist facilities. Also, the power plant has its own museum. Since the object is regime, it can only be visited through regional tour operators.

The district where the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located (the map is located below) is a place that has gained popularity among tourists. Previously, even there was a special viewing platform, from which it was possible to better see the station. Now in this place near the dam erected a memorial dedicated to the builders of the hydroelectric station. On the bank of the Yenisei there is a five-domed peak Borus, considered to be a national shrine of the Khakas, as well as the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. The map of Khakassia allows you to better know where these places are located.

The viewing platform on the left bank allows you to see a white cliff two hundred meters high. It represents part of the Kibik-Kordon marble deposit, which takes several kilometers of the Yenisei shore. One of the parts of the road leading from Sayanogorsk to Cheryomushki lies directly over the marble deposit. It was pierced by difficult geological conditions and rocky spurs, which made it one of the most expensive in the world.

Building

The final decision to start the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was made in 1962. The erection began in 1968. In 1975, during the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the riverbed of the Yenisei River was blocked, and already in 1978, with the launch of the first hydroelectric unit, the station gave the first current. From 1979 to 1985, nine more hydroelectric units were subsequently commissioned. In 1988, the construction of the station was basically completed. In 2005, work begins on erecting a coastal spillway, which should improve the reliability of the station. In 2011, the spillway was put into operation.

Exploitation

In 2006, serious miscalculations were found in the machine room and the well of the station. In 2007, the planned inspection revealed a significant wear of the booms, whose age was 20 years. Not very successful, prone to increased cracking, was the design of hydraulic units with which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was equipped. Photos published after the accident, allowed to judge the extent of their destruction.

A large program was developed for the modernization and technical re-equipment of the station, the implementation of which began, but the accident at the power plant made its adjustments to the plans of the builders.

Accident

The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant, the accident that occurred on August 17, 2009, caused great destruction.

In the morning time in August 2009, a power plant accident happened. The second hydroelectric unit was destroyed, and the turbine room was flooded with a large amount of water. The 7th and 9th hydroelectric units were badly damaged, the third, fourth and fifth hydroelectric units were filled with debris. This led to the destruction of the turbine hall, from which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was managed. The accident caused the death of 75 people.

The tragedy was thoroughly investigated. The investigation report was published in October 2009.

Recovery

The new hydraulic units instead of the damaged ones were ordered by Power Machines. As early as 2010, the units No. 6, No. 5, No. 4 and No. 3 were in operation, which made it possible to increase the plant's capacity to 2,560 MW-40% of the nominal capacity. In parallel, work was carried out to dismantle the unit No. 2 and erect a shore spillway, culminating in successful hydraulic testing. The station produced 10 billion kWh of electricity.

Thus, the first stage of reconstruction was completed, as a result of which four hydroelectric units of the station, which suffered the least, were commissioned.

In 2011, the second stage of reconstruction started. The second stage of the spillway was completed, and by the end of the year the entire spillway complex was put into operation.

In addition, a new hydroelectric unit (No. 1) was commissioned.

Electricity generation in 2011 was more than 18 billion kWh.
In 2012, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, after which the capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was 3840 MW.

In 2013, three new hydraulic units were commissioned: No. 10, No. 6, No. 5, which allowed to increase the plant's capacity to 4,480 MW.

In 2013, the station produced more than 24 billion kWh.

In 2014, the third stage of the station's reconstruction started. As part of its implementation in 2014 gave a current hydroelectric unit No. 4.

At the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the new power units of OJSC Power Machines were completely re-equipped, which have the best parameters and meet the stringent requirements of safety and reliability. The capacity of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was equal to the nominal - 6400 MW. The maximum efficiency of the new hydroturbines reached 96.6%, and the maximum service life of the machines was increased to 40 years. Now the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, whose photo immediately after the accident is very different these days, is operating at full capacity.