"Including": do you need a comma or not? In which case do commas appear: punctuation rules

Members of the proposal, which are the nature of additional information, incidentally reported to expand the content of the main statement, are classified as connecting. They are entered with the help of separate words, combinations or particles and are allocated on the letter with commas. More about these words, or rather about specific examples of the use of some of them, we'll talk.

When put near the union "including" the comma

Including - this is the union that is used to clarify or supplement information by adding a new member of the proposal to the already existing ones.

On the letter it should be remembered that the connecting turn (which includes the union "including") comma separates from the rest of the sentence. For example:

• Today we have gathered all the guys, including Pavlik, to discuss the current situation.
• This was already known everywhere, including in our town.

And that the joining member or turnover was considered isolated and required the separation from two sides with commas, it is necessary to pay attention to the meaning of the statement.

So, in the case when the seizure of turnover does not distort the structure of the proposal - it can be considered isolated:

• In all his works, including in this story, the author is surprisingly truthful and restrained (withdrawal of the turnover is possible, therefore it is singled out with commas).

But in the case of the example: "In all, including in this work, the author skillfully transmits the reality," the seizure will break the structure - "in all ... product", and therefore, the turnover is not detached.

Is there a comma between the connecting traffic and the union "including"

Note that the union "including" is not an introductory word, so it is not separated from both sides by commas. Moreover, if the conjunctions "a" or "and" are used before the named union, they form a single combination and do not separate the comma:

• Everyone got what they deserved, including Tolik.
• Natasha loved to draw portraits, including memory, but she was embarrassed to show them to her friends (as you can see, there is no comma between unions and a combination of "including").

But pay attention to one more detail - for the correct application of the union "including" it is necessary to have an indication in the offer of an integer, part of which will be joined with the help of this union. Compare:

• We had to question the people we met and loudly shouting, calling for her, including in the park (inadmissible design, since before the union "including" there is no word with a general meaning);
• We had to question the people we met and shout loudly, calling for it everywhere, including in the park (the correct design, since the sentence has a general word "everywhere", to which information is added).

How to put commas near the union "for example"

Often found on the letter is another mistake - an extra comma after the word "for example." Commas, by the way, in this case are put under several general rules, which we now give.

If the word "for example" is before the connecting turn to which it relates, then the whole turnover is allocated with commas, and not with the word:

• Some girls, for example Tanya, helped in cleaning the class.

If a turn including the word "for example" is allocated with dashes or brackets, then after "for example" commas are put:

• Some girls ( for example , Tanya) helped in cleaning the class.

If the word "for example" turns out to be behind a connecting member, then in this case, it is allocated with commas on both sides:

• Some girls helped in cleaning the class. Here Tanya, for example , washed the desks.

After "for example" there can be a colon, in situations where it is after a word with a generalizing meaning before homogeneous terms:

• Some fruits are dangerous to give allergy sufferers, for example : oranges, pineapples, as well as strawberries and other red berries.

If the mentioned word refers to the whole sentence or to its subordinate part (in case it is complex), then it is separated from two sides by commas:

• And what will you do if, for example , we meet hooligans?

This rule applies to turnover, including combinations "in particular" or "for example" and the like.

About how the introductory words are allocated

Further, some introductory words will be considered , so it is worth remembering how they stand out on the letter.

Introductory words help clarify what has been said or emphasize some part of it. They are always distinguished in oral speech by pauses, and in written - by commas. If such words are at the beginning of the sentence - a punctuation mark is placed after them, and if at the end - then before them, including a comma is needed, when the opening word is in the middle of the sentence. Then it is distinguished from two sides.

How does the letter stand out "however"

The word "however" fulfills both the role of the opening word, and the union or interjection. Therefore, the selection of its commas depends on what role it performs in this sentence and where it is located.

You should know that it never starts a sentence as an introductory word. If a separate turnover follows it, then after "however" the comma is put:

• However , looking around, he quickly figured out what to do next.

And in the middle of such a turnover it stands out from both sides:

• He listened to the story, not quite, however , interesting, and smiled diligently.

When using the specified word as an interjection, after and before "however" the comma is necessary:

• However , how you grew up during this time!

If "however" is used as a union at the beginning of a sentence, it is not separated by a comma, and when you connect parts of a complex sentence with it, a comma is placed before it:

• However , we did not wait for the sun.
• Petra was asked to sing for a long time, but he did not agree.

How to put commas at the word "please"

As they stand beside the word "please", commas, in many respects depends on the context in which it is used. If it is used as an introductory word, in order to attract the attention of the interlocutor or as a polite treatment, it is allocated with commas on the rules common to this kind of words:

• Please do not remember the flowers in the flowerbed.
• Tell me, please , how to get to Ivanova Street?
• Sit down, please .

But there are situations in which the word "please" does not include commas. First, if it is used as a particle that has a value of "yes", and secondly, if "please" is included in the phrase:

1. Now please (that is, "yes"), and tomorrow nothing will work out (here the comma separates not "please" but stands before the union "a").
2. Tell me please , how things have changed around! (The emotional expression "tell me please" stands out entirely, not one word is described).

How to put commas next to the word "therefore"

When considering whether to stand before or after the word "therefore" a comma, it is necessary to pay attention to the situation in which the given adverb is used. Most often it is used as an analogue of the union in compound sentences with cause-effect meaning:

• The sky was cloudy, so everyone waited for the rain.
• The cup leaned forward treacherously, so a dark stain appeared on the shirt.
• From the night frost hit, so the pavement covered with a crust of ice.

In such situations, a "comma" is placed before the union, as in front of the union, which connects the two parts of the complex sentence.

By the way, this word is often confused with the introductory word, marking it with a comma on the letter, but it is included in a group of particles and adverbs that never refer to opening words, which means they do not need this allocation.

Summarize

If you are thinking about how the connecting lines or introductory words are singled out on the letter, and including a comma after the word "therefore", recall the nuances that allow you to accurately place punctuation marks. For this:

• Pay attention to the context of the sentence;
• Remember that the opening word, like the connecting line, is easily removed from the sentence;
• Do not forget what words can not act as introductory words;
• If the word is still introductory, apply the rules for selecting them on the letter;
• And when using the adverb "therefore", remember the punctuation marks for parts of a complex sentence.