How to make out lists of used literature?

Writing written work of any kind - course, diploma, abstract or just an article - requires the presence of such an element as a list of sources and literature used. It, as a rule, is located at the end of creative work and is not only a numbered list of bibliographic descriptions. It contains a kind of key that can give an idea of the author's qualities, such as correctness, ethics in relation to someone else's creative work, accuracy and consistency.

What is

The lists of used literature contain detailed information on what the author relied on in his study. Here you can find exhaustive information about the sources:

• About the author.
• Place and year of publication.
• What kind of information is contained.
• Name of the publishing house.
• Number of pages.
• Journal number or volume of the book.

All this set of information located in a clearly defined order is called a bibliographic description and forms a list of used literature in accordance with GOST. It is he who is the special normative document that contains all the rules of design.

What purpose are lists of used literature

There can be several. First, the list of sources and literature used is an organic part of any scientific work. Without them, the fundamental nature of one or another creative work becomes doubtful. After all, it's no secret that the author takes his knowledge and information about any process, subject or phenomenon from any source, which may be:

• Previously conducted research in a particular field;
• Scientific works of other authors;
• Manuals and reference books;
• Articles published in specialized scientific journals, and so on.

This list can be continued.

Secondly, the lists of used literature contain valuable information about whose works and scientific works the author relied on in his research. You can get an idea of what kind of opinion he is following in one or another question.

Thirdly, for those who continue to research in the examined or related issues, the lists of literature used give accurate information about a particular source.

Design Features

This is perhaps the most difficult moment associated with this part of the creative work, as it includes a number of subtleties that students, diploma students or graduate students lose sight of. How to make a list of used literature, there is a lot of information: examples, relevant regulations and much more. So, what should be remembered when starting to design.

Location of sources

Here you can use these options:

• In alphabetical order, placing sources on the basis of data of authors or names;
• As far as references or citations are concerned, a fairly simple method, but only at first glance, since it makes it difficult to find the required source, so it can be used in small volumes of work;
• In accordance with the type of document, the list is drawn up based on the type of publication used (normative acts, articles, books, etc.), divided into parts within which the sources are arranged in alphabetical order;
• In chronology, if we are talking about historical research and we need to pay attention to the periodization and the date of publication of the source.

As a rule, students use the first two options in their works.

Bibliographical details

The next point to look at when considering the design of the list of used literature is a bibliographic description. It contains a number of components that are arranged in a clearly defined order.

1. The name of the author with the initials. There may be a pseudonym.
2. Without the quotes, the title of the book, textbook, article or other work is given.
3. Place additional information characterizing the name.
4. After the punctuation mark, the surname of the author is again given here. The only difference is that the initials are in front of her. If the author is two or three, then similarly placed elements of information about them.
5. Information is provided on the publication, which includes the place or indication of the city, the name of the publishing house and the year of release.
6. There are data on the total number of pages or numbers, if only part of the book or a journal article was used.

Approximately in this way, a list of used literature is developed according to GOST. However, there are a number of elements that can be included in the description. This is an indication that information is an electronic resource. It is given, as a rule, in square brackets and follows the name. At the end of the bibliographic description, you have a URL or access mode.

Literature in the diploma: what you need to know in order to properly register

Here it is necessary to recall that for the study of this level it is assumed that there are certain sources. Their type and content should be consistent with the theme of the work.

As is known, the structure of the thesis consists of an introduction, several chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature. The latter is definitely associated with all the listed elements. The introduction indicates the authors who dealt with the stated problems. If their works were used for writing, then the text should necessarily contain references, which will lead to bibliographic descriptions and allow to form a list of used literature of the thesis. It is located at the very end of the explanatory note, following the conclusions, but before the applications.

Also, the thesis supervisor may require the use of "fresh" sources, the date of publication of which was not earlier than five years before the writing of the diploma. It should also be remembered that all references should be in the explanatory note, located before the conclusion and the list of used literature. In these final elements of the thesis they should not be, because the first contains its own conclusions and suggestions of the author, and in the second there are the sources themselves.

Naturally, every discipline or field of science has its own design features. Let us dwell on some of them in more detail.

Legal details

If you want to make a list of used literature on the law, you need to pay attention to the following points.

• The order of the sources. It begins with legal acts and documents. Next come the materials of legal practice. Behind them already in this order is the rest of the literature: books, periodicals, foreign publications and Internet resources. If some element is missing, for example, materials of practice, then the rest of the literature will immediately follow the normative legal documentation.

• Hierarchy in the distribution of legal sources. They are located according to the legal force from the Constitution of the Russian Federation, followed by international legal instruments ratified by Russia. If the text of the work uses an international treaty in which the country does not participate, the reference to it is immediately after the list of decisions of the judiciary.

Sometimes a lawyer should apply to legal acts that have already lost their validity. In this case, they must also be present in the list, but be located at the end of the list of the current legislative framework. These sources are subject to the above rules, with the only difference being that the corresponding mark is made in parentheses.
Then follows the laws, decrees, acts of the government and ministries. Within the group of normative legal acts, the location is made on the basis of what is used for the document. If these are orders or regulations, then they use alphabetical order, if the normative acts, then chronological.

If in the text of the work there are indications to any of the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation, then such source is placed after departmental and ministerial acts. The provisions of local government or other state structures follow the legislative acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Accounting features

Its specificity and scope of activity, such as accounting. The list of used literature here is also made based on the legal significance of the sources. The first are the laws. They are followed by regulations, instructions and materials of practice. Next are textbooks, books and periodicals.

What you need to know if the work on management

Here the rules are applied, which were given above, on their basis a list of used literature is compiled. Management as a special sphere of activity can affect any industry. If the questions relate to jurisprudence, rules for the location of regulatory documents are used. When describing sanitary norms and labor protection in an enterprise, it is necessary to take into account that standards and instructions should be available after acts of greater legal force. Further, there are textbooks, books, periodicals and other publications.

Samples of literature

They will help to finally understand how to put the list of used literature into order.

Example of a textbook or article:

• Sviridov P. P. Features of the formation of legal entities [Text] / P. R. Sviridov. - Moscow: Princely Court, 2013. - 280 p.
• Petrov FK Tsar Peter as a Reformer / F. K. Petrov // Philosophical Review. - 2013. - No. 9. - P. 33-38.

As can be seen from the example, the authorship area is separated by a slash, after which the initials are given, followed by the surname. If the book mentions several authors, the description is given in this way:

• Vetrova Z. K. Financial Accounting [Text]: textbook for universities / ZK Vetrova, RS Balashova, KV Yarkova. - Moscow: Financier, 2011. - 355 with.

The bibliographic description begins with a title if the work has four authors whose initials and surnames are listed after the slash.

• Delovodstvo [Text]: a methodical guide to course work / D. R. Mitrokhina, V. A. Goryunova, ZI Sinitsyna, P.D. Kartokhin. - Krasnograd: Publishing House of KRAS, 2011. - 265 p.

How to make a correct list of used literature, if there are links to online publications? Here you need to know that such sources, as a rule, complete the list and always indicate the mode of possible access to them.

• Investigated in Ukraine [Electronic resource]: a multi-subject. Sci. Journal. / Kiev. Polytechnical. Un-t. - Electron. Journal. - Lanky: KPI, 2008.- mode of access to the journal: http://zhurnul.kpi.untti.ua

Examples of legal sources

How to make a list of used literature, if it includes normative-legal documents, acts:

• On the formation of the commission for administrative reform [Text]: Government Decree of June 22, 2013 521 // Collection of legislation. - 2013. - 31. - Art. 3320.
• On the economic situation [Text]: Federal Law of 30 January. 1-FZ // Collection of legislation. - 2012. - 7, (Feb. 2). - P. 1346-1398 (article 375).

If it comes to technical documentation, then its design will be:

• Building approved rules and regulations: SNiP 2.02.09 97. Impacts and loads [Text]: normative and technical material. - Moscow: [б.и.], 1997. - 34 p.