How to determine the case of a noun? Determine the gender, number, case of nouns

Even in the primary classes of schoolchildren are taught how to determine the case of a noun. Unfortunately, not all of them succeed at once. It is necessary to have enough information to accomplish this task without difficulty.

Noun as part of speech

Each of us is familiar with the noun. We, without hesitation, use it daily in our speech. And now let's imagine that this part of the speech is no more. Try to talk about an event without his help. It is unlikely that it will be possible to do, because im.sushch. Gives the name to all the objects and phenomena that are in our life. Everything that we see around and what we talk about is not without him. Therefore, its main function is considered to be nominative, that is, to give names to all subjects.

Calling each other by name, we also can not do without a noun. Owning our mother tongue in perfection, we correctly put this part of speech in the necessary form. To determine scientifically, what case and number are used in the word, we will try in our article.

Declination

Before you learn how to determine the case of a noun, you need to understand what a declination is. In itself, this word has the meaning of "change". That is, to incline means to change it. By numbers and cases.

In Russian distinguish several types of declension.

To the first, words that end in -a or -y are. They must necessarily be in the form of a male or female gender. For example: a car, uncle, a picture, nature.

Words in the second declination have other criteria. Such nouns have endings -o, -e or zero and refer to the middle and masculine clans. For example: decree, unit, fiber.

If we have a word in the feminine gender that has a soft sign on the end (correspondingly, a zero ending), then it is referred to the third declension. For example: daughter, thing, speech, night.

Each of the groups has its own system of endings. They must be remembered when they receive the assignment: "Determine the case and the declension of nouns."

Genus

The correct definition of declination depends on the category of the genus, and, as a consequence, its case forms.

In Russian, three types are distinguished. Before we learn how to correctly identify the case of nouns, you need to know and this information.

The words for the masculine gender are combined with the personal pronoun "he": the boat, the boss, the result.

The middle class is defined by the word "it". It includes the majority of abstract and inanimate concepts: perception, happiness, well-being.

For women, respectively, include such words, which are combined with the word "she": love, photography, life.

In order to determine the gender, it is necessary to consider with which personal pronoun the desired noun is consistent.

Case

Now is the time to learn how to determine the case of nouns. For this you need to know what questions each of them answers.

The initial form of the words of this part of speech is always the nominative case. He performs the function of the main member - the subject in the sentence.

Before determining the case of a noun, ask a question. In the im.p. - "who what?". For example: a vase, a flower.

Next comes the genitive. To him you can substitute the auxiliary word "no" and the question "who?" Or "what?". For example: a vase, a flower.

The dative case requires the word "give" ("to whom?", "To what"?). For example: a vase, a flower.

Very often the accusative case is confused with the nominative. He answers the questions "who?" Or "what?". Also, an auxiliary form of "see" or "blame" is added to it. For example: a vase, a flower.

The instrumental requires the questions "by whom?" Or "what?" It is combined with the word "admire". For example: a vase, a flower.

And the last, prefatory: "about whom?" Or "about what?". To it, the words "think" or "talk" are added to help.

Now we know how to define the case of nouns. For this simple task it will only be necessary to correctly select the question for the required word.

Features of the nominative and accusative

With all the seemingly simplicity of the definition of the case, sometimes there are questions. All this happens because some forms may coincide. Such an absolute similarity between words is called homonyms.

For example, very often the forms coincide with them. And wines. Cases. In order to distinguish between them, we need to carefully study the context.

Compare the two sentences:

1. A beautiful tree grew on the glade.
2. Approaching the clearing, we saw a beautiful tree.

The forms of the word are absolutely the same.

The question arises of how to determine the accusative case of a noun. For this, we must follow the syntactic role of this word. In the first sentence, the word "tree" is a subject, in accordance with the predicate "grew". It performs the action on its own, so we can easily determine that its case is nominative.

Now look at the second example. The grammatical basis is "we saw". Above the tree some action takes place, and therefore in this case we have the accusative case.

Dative and prepositional

In some cases, the prepositional case and the dative coincide.

Let's compare:

1. We walked along the road.
2. I thought about the road ahead all evening.

Again a complete coincidence of word forms. In this case, we use the artificial plural substitution method. It turns out:

1. We walked along the roads.
2. I thought about the roads.

Now we see that the multiplier. Number to distinguish cases easier: in the first case - dative (to what?), In the second - prepositional (about what?).

There is another little trick. The dative case has with itself two prepositions "k" and "on". Thanks to them, it is easy to distinguish it from other forms.

Debriefing

Often in the class, students are given the task to determine the gender, number, case of nouns. Usually this is required for the morphological analysis of the word.

Here is an example of parsing the name of a noun.

Our boys participated in competitions.

• In competitions - it. N.
• The initial form (what?) Is a competition.
• Permanent signs:

- does not indicate the name of any objects, therefore it is a household name;

- Inanimate;

- Medium. Genus (it);

- has the ending -e and refers to the media. Kind, then the type of declension is the second.

• Unstable signs:

- plural. number;

- answers the question "what?", Is combined with the auxiliary word "think", therefore, the prepositional case.

• In the proposal, it will serve as a secondary member - a complement.

Conclusion

We have studied in detail how to determine the case of a noun. In addition, we were able to perform a morphological analysis of the word, in order to confirm all the information received. Thus, we will no longer have difficulties in this matter. It is enough just to ask the right question, and the case is easily determined. When there are homonymous forms, it is enough to look at the syntactic role of the word or replace the singular with the plural.