Homemade Guinea

UDC 636.598

Homemade goues

Geese are a large productive bird, the mass of adults reaches 7-8 kg, the goose lays 15 to 60 eggs and more 150-220 grams. One adult can receive up to 6 kg of meat, 500 g of valuable fat, actively used in medicine And pharmacology, with an extremely low content of cholesterol, and with special fattening - a delicacy liver weighing up to 700 g. Geese is the only kind of bird from which you can get high-quality feathers and fluff, which are twice as good for chicken by durability. Goose young growth is rapidly increasing, the live weight of goslings for the first two months of growing is more than 40 times. Geese perfectly use pastures, and in the absence of their birds, you can feed any greens. High productivity, unpretentiousness to the conditions of maintenance, ability to consume bulky fodders with high fiber level are valuable qualities for those who decided to breed this bird.

Biological and economic features

Geese have some biological and economic characteristics that distinguish them from other types of farm poultry:

• · The ability to use pastures and consume a significant amount of green juicy foods with high fiber content;
• · Ability to long-term, economically justified use (more than 3 years), with a life expectancy of 20-25 years. A distinctive feature of other poultry species is the increase in egg production for the second and third years in comparison with the first;
• · Young geese have very high growth energy during the first two months of life. And in the first month, the energy of growth is 200, in the second - 96, in the third - 17%. This biological feature is used in intensive gussevodstve where goslings-broilers are grown on meat to 9-week-old age;
• · Goose feather and down are distinguished by elasticity, elasticity and strength, low hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity, which makes them a valuable raw material for feather-down production;
• · Due to thick and dense feathering, geese can tolerate short-term temperature drops down to minus 25-30 ° C. A rise in temperature above plus 32-34 ° C causes dyspnoea in drowsiness and worsening of general condition, so in hot summer time they should be kept under canopies or on water bodies.

The shortcomings of geese include:

• · Relatively low fecundity and egg production, narrow sexual ratio (1: 3). If from a pair of meat hens you can get 125-150 chickens, from a pair of turkeys - 50-60 turkeys, then from a pair of geese - no more than 30-40 goslings;
• · A high percentage of fat in the carcass, at the age of three months and older, its content reaches 25-30% due to subcutaneous fat and up to 10% due to internal;
• · Late puberty (240-310 days). Light geese breeds begin to swell earlier than heavy geese ;
• · Increased propensity to incubate (incubate from 30 to 60% of individuals);
• · Demolition of eggs outside the nest (up to 40%).

Breeds and breed groups of geese

There are three groups of rocks: heavy (meat-sebaceous), medium (decorative) and light (egg). The first include all modern large breeds - Kholmogorsky, Emden, Toulouse, Lander, large gray. The meat of geese of these breeds contains a significant amount of fat. They also receive a fatty liver with a mass of 600-800 g. The second group includes ribbon or Sebastopol curly geese. Representatives of the third group are Chinese, Kuban, Adler, Italian.

The Kholmogory breed is bred in the areas of the Central Chernozem zone. It is the oldest domestic breed of geese with good economic and useful attributes. The bird has a strong constitution, is hardy, well acclimatized. Young and adult birds have high viability. With intensive fattening by the age of 60 days, goslings reach a living weight of about 4 kg, with feed costs of 3 kg per 1 kg of gain. Geese of the Kholmogory breed are bred everywhere in the central part of the country.

A large gray breed was created in the Tambov Region by crossing the Roma geese with the Toulouse. Selection was conducted in the direction of increasing body weight and egg production. The body of the geese is deep and wide. The constitution is strong. The viability of young and adult birds is good. The weight of the geese in the 60-day-old age is 3.5-4.0 kg. Goose-ducks perfectly incubate and grow goslings, are undemanding to the quality of water, graze well and eat grain-carrion. Large gray geese are used as a paternal form when crossing with the Pereyaslav, Kuban, Rhine and Chinese for obtaining goslings-broilers.

The Kuban breed was taken out by the staff of the Poultry Department of the Kuban State Agrarian University. The bird of this breed has good adaptability to the climatic conditions of the Krasnodar Territory and high safety when growing young (95-97%) and maintaining adult livestock. The weight of goslings in the 2 months of age is 3.5-3.7 kg. Kuban geese well use pastures and have high egg production (up to 95-100 pieces) weighing 150 g.

In gussevodstve it is advisable to use crosses to obtain hybrid hybrids. As mother rocks, it is advisable to use the Kuban, Chinese, Rhine and Italian geese, which have higher fertility, and as fathers - the large gray, landhaus, Lindos Toulouse geese, which have a high growth rate.

Content

The room for geese must be clean, dry, well ventilated, without drafts. Drafts and dampness reduce the productivity of the bird. The floor, if necessary, is insulated and raised above the ground level by 15-20 cm. It must be waterproof and prevent rodents from entering the room. The walls are plastered and treated with a 20% lime mortar. The windows are made at a height of 50 cm from the floor, the illumination at the floor level should be at least 15 Lx. It is necessary to equip the house with heating and ventilation, to provide the possibility of its separation, best of all by a mesh partition, on the section. The height of the room along the aisle must be at least 2 m, and at the walls - at least 1.7 m. Poultry and window ladders are located on the south or south-east side of the building. The roof must reliably protect the bird from rain.

The excessive crowding of the bird is inadmissible, the room is quickly contaminated, the microclimate is disturbed, the intensive multiplication of microflora leads to an increased incidence of geese. In the northern and middle parts of the country, geese rooms are facadeed to the south, so that the sun shines more in the room, and in the southern zone where there is an excess of solar radiation - to the southwest or southeast.

A huge influence on the health and health of geese has a litter, the state of which depends on the temperature and humidity of the air. A wide range of materials is used as litter: sawdust, shavings, straw, sphagnum peat, crushed corn cobs, sunflower or millet husks. The litter should be dry, clean, hygroscopic, free of mold. Litter made from plant material, except for its hygienic purpose, insulates the floor. In the autumn and winter time, a warm bedding is used - straw, peat; In the summer time - sand and sawdust. For one adult goose a year it is necessary to prepare up to 40 kg of litter material.

It is inadmissible to keep geese on a wet bedding - while the feather, becomes dirty, becomes disheveled and poorly stores heat. In connection with this, the productive use of food deteriorates, the resistance of the organism decreases, which leads to catarrhal diseases. It should be remembered that pure plumage protects geese from hypothermia. With the onset of cold weather, before laying deep litter, it is desirable to sprinkle the dry floor with hydrated lime or lime-loach at the rate of 0.5-1 kg per 1 sq. Km. M area. Then lay the litter of small shavings, crushed corn cobs, sawdust, cut straw not less than 5 and not more than 15 cm. Install feeders, drinking bowls and nests on top. Deep litter is changed when changing geese or season (autumn or spring).

Low temperatures, especially in the breeding season, can dramatically reduce the egg production of geese, the temperature should not fall below -4-5 ° C. A lower temperature can lead to a decrease in egg hatchability due to freezing.

To geese used to carry the egg in the allotted place, indoors, no later than a month before the beginning of laying, establish nests along the wall at the rate of one nest for 2-3 goose. With their shortage, geese can be carried in secluded places. In the nests use the same litter as in the gooseberry. As geese rush in the mornings, in order to avoid contamination of eggs, the litter in the nest should be poured in the evening. It is not recommended to place the nests close to cold walls and in places with bright direct lighting. The internal dimensions of the nests are: width - 0,4-0,5 m, length-0,65 m, height - 0,6-0,65 m, height of the door - 0,01 m. Nests are made of wood, plywood or other Materials and installed so that they are available for maintenance.

Feeders for geese are made to avoid large losses of feed. They should be lightweight, comfortable. They can be made of boards, plywood or other materials. Feeders should be so many as to avoid gushes from geese during feeding. For mineral additives, feeders with several compartments are used: for gravel, lime, shells. Feeders are suspended at a height of 20 cm from the floor. To feed the green mass, feeders are made of nursery type. All inventory must always be clean.

Drinkers for adult geese use troughs, buckets or other containers. To avoid splashing water, the drinkers are placed on a baking sheet covered with a metal or wooden mesh. In the winter, so that the water does not freeze, the drinking bowl is warmed or periodically poured hot water into it. Insufficient water, especially in hot weather, leads to massive bird diseases.

The enclosure is installed on the south side of the building, it must have awnings from the sun and rain. For bathing geese fit a suitable container, periodically adding water to it to a constant level. The area per bird must be at least 1 square kilometer. M - for goslings, 5 sq. M. M - for young animals, 15 square meters. M is for adults. With excessive crowding of the bird, the room quickly becomes dirty, the air regime deteriorates, which can cause a massive disease of geese. But at the same time the rate of landing density depends on climatic conditions. In the southern regions, where the bird spends almost all day on the ramp, the density of planting can be increased to 2.5 heads per 1 sq. Km. M of the floor area of the house.

For a warm season you can equip mobile houses of light type to hold 15-50 geese. The frame of this house is made of blocks or corners, the walls are covered with a board or plywood, the floor is made of wood, the roof is covered with plywood or boards. A very simple summer poultry house can be made from a grid, roofing material and a film. The frame is made of blocks or boards, a mesh is fixed on it, and a felt or film is reinforced on top of the grid. The roof is made of slats, with an interval of about 0.3 m, covered with a roofing felt or a film from above. The size of the house for 15 geese is 2.5 x 2.5 m, the roof is one-pitch, the height of the facade is 2.1 m, the rear wall is not less than 1.4 m. Feeders, drinking bowls and nests must be made portable and hinged to Do not pollute the site. Half-open summer house is built in the same way as the previous one, only the facade is covered with boards to a height of about 0.6 and from the floor, and above - a fine mesh net. In the summer, such a house is much more convenient, since geese are always in the fresh air.

The molting has a significant effect on the physiological state of the bird. The diurnal goslings are covered with down. At 3 weeks of age geese goose begins to be replaced by a primary feather, and already at the age of 10 weeks juvenile molt begins. At this time, the growth rate of young animals decreases, the feed consumption per unit increment increases. The germs of new feathers "hemp" formed on the body of the bird are difficult to remove from the carcass during processing, so it is desirable to kill the goslings on the meat before the juvenile molt or after its termination. By the age of 4 months, young geese are completely covered with a feather of an adult bird, after which geese rotate annually 2 times - in summer and in autumn. At the end of the spring breeding season in May and June, egg production ceases, the intensity of spermatogenesis in geese decreases, their body weight decreases by 20-30%. The geese are followed by a summer molt, during which, after about 2 months, all plumage is completely replaced. However, 3 weeks after the end of the first moult, geese in the early autumn moult for the second time, while not all plumage changes, but only the small and medium feathers.

From the carcasses of one goose, 250-300 g of feather are removed, including 50-60 g of fluff. Feather and down of geese are considered the warmest and best. It is more preferable to plant geese with white plumage, as gray goose feather is estimated at 20-30% cheaper than white. To increase the collection of goose feathers and down, you can spend twice (during the warm season) lifelong plucking geese, and in the southern areas, the third timely and correct partial plucking of geese can increase the yield of small feathers and down almost 2 times. In many countries with developed poultry farming, plucking feathers twice a year, taking into account the time of natural moulting, the age of the bird, and the physiological state. Skillful plucking does not cause geese pain. In this case, geese pluck only down and small covering trunks of the trunk.

Reproduction

Geese clearly expressed the desire to create stable married couples, so the distribution of geese is made before the beginning of the breeding season at the rate of one gander - 3-4 geese. On young geese, the load is reduced. The duration of use of geese in the herd depends on the breed and the number of eggs laid. Breeds with low egg production and preserved instinct of hatching eggs are prolific for 5-6 years. Geese with high egg-laying and heavy breeds are 3-4 years fertile. The period of use of good, tested gander can increase to 10-12 years.

A good gander on the wing has two small feathers (scissors) and ten fly feathers of the first and second order, as many should have the upper and lower feathers on the tail. The output of young animals largely depends on the sexual activity of geese. Active in the beginning of the breeding season (from February to June), geese remain active until its end. Moreover, the sexual activity of geese in the second and third years may increase, which should be taken into account.

It is important not to allow a related mating to avoid degeneration of the herd due to inbreeding. Wherever purebreeding is not used, when hybridized, it is possible to obtain hybrid youngsters with well-marked economic-useful traits.

Those wishing to keep two or more nesting families in their household should know that it is desirable to place families in different barns and groves, otherwise gores can fight. In the breeding season of the gander, a few days can remain hungry, guarding their females from other gander.

Eggplant of geese - from 10 to 50 eggs per year. In general, geese of light rocks reach puberty from 6 months of age, heavy breeds are ready for reproduction only from the 9-month period. Weight goose egg is from 150 to 190 g (an average of 170 g). Intensive egg laying lasts 3.5-9 months. The duration of hatching goose eggs is 28-30 days.

The fecundity of geese is influenced by: air temperature, sequence of day and night shift, duration of daylight hours. Light stimulates: growth and development of the bird, maturity, moulting, the beginning of egg production, has an effect on the end of egg production.

A long light day accelerates the sexual maturation of the bird, negatively affects the quality of the shell and the mass of eggs. A sharp reduction in the duration of daylight hours causes premature moulting and the cessation of egg production.

In addition, in the breeding period, spermatogenesis in geese begins, as a rule, 1-2 weeks later than egg production in goose, so the first eggs, as a rule, remain unfertilized. The increase in the duration of the day from 8 to 14 hours, started about 7-10 days before the egg production of goose, accelerates the preparation of gander for the beginning of the breeding season.

Under normal conditions, under natural illumination geese begin to sweep in late February or early March. If necessary, you can shift the start of the laying period to the end of January - the beginning of February. If you create an optimal microclimate in January in the gooseberry, i.e. Maintain a positive temperature in the room and increase the light day to 14 hours, using artificial lighting. This regime should be maintained until the natural light day is 14 hours. In some cases, geese cause a second - autumn - egg-laying cycle, which allows them to increase their fertility by about 2 times.

Geese rush through the day, so even the worst bird will be ridden for at least a month. Hence, if you plan to receive chicks, then you need to orient yourself for 30-40 days. It is necessary to remove eggs from the nests in time, to fold them into boxes in one layer, preferably on shavings or sawdust. Collected from the nests of eggs it is better to mark - from which goose and the date of the demolition. Eggs should be stored in a cardboard box at a temperature of 7-13 ° C, turning the box one side on the same side daily. With such storage, embryos in eggs last longer remain alive.

How many eggs will it take? As much as the goose can heat, usually 11-13 pcs. Under large goose podkladyvayut more, under small - less. It is important for the hen to cover eggs well.

Now the main question: how to make geese incubate eggs, especially if the hen itself is from the incubator? The temperature of the environment should rise, this is a signal for incubation. In the caterpillar you need to turn on the heater, raise the temperature of the air, at least insignificantly. When the goose dwells, the heater can be turned off.

Another important detail: goose nests need to be arranged once and for all, that is, where the geese rushed, there they must hatch. Old bedding should be burned with parasites. In the nest we pour new litter, do not forget to add wormwood, on top of the nest we will put in a large goose quill. When all the goose sits on the nests, let them sit out for 2-3 days. To sit down, it is necessary that at least two or three eggs lay in the nest. It can be poor-quality eggs - irregular in shape, with a bad shell, old, etc.

A rise in air temperature, as well as eggs already lying in the nest, will help the goose to stay a little longer in the box after it has taken the egg. Eggs lying in the nest irritate the receptors on the stomach of the goose, which, in turn, awakens the reflex of incubation. If you create these conditions in the poultry house, the result will not be long in coming. When the goose dwells, that is, they sit tightly on those 2-3 put eggs, they can be replaced with quality eggs, put aside for storage in cardboard boxes. From this moment, the timing of incubation begins. Eggs to put better in the evening, for 13-15 pcs. Under each goose, depending on the temperature in the street and in the room, the size of the geese and eggs, but so that the goose with its body completely covered the put eggs.

When hatching, the goose should have free access to water and feed on a walking ground or in a shed. During feeding, examine the nest, remove the crushed eggs. After stripping the nest and eggs, launching geese, make sure that they do not sit in other people's nests. To increase the yield of goslings, eggs should be placed under goose-hen not later than 10-12 days after they are demolished, optimally - 5-7.

Some try to have all the goose go on hatching at the same time. This allows you to get the same-aged brood geese, which begin to drive the geese by a common herd. Others prefer to form nests with hens as eggs are accumulated, thus increasing the total number of eggs taken out and suitable for hatching eggs, in particular.

If the young goose has been hatching, and then the instinct has faded and she threw a nest, do not rush it out. Next year, perhaps, it will be a good hen, and eggs for the second year of goose are 15-20% more than the young. The "talent" of incubating with geese is inherited. So, having identified even one good hen, you can always increase their number, leaving on the tribe of daughters of this goose. And the good hens, with appropriate care, will serve you for several years as faith and truth.

If 7 days before the eggs are taken from the goose, place them in a basin with hot water (35-40 ° C) so that they freely float, then eggs with live goslings after a while start to swing. Selected living eggs are equally divided under the goose. On the 28th day, some recommend that eggs be sprinkled with water. In geese of light rocks, the nakale begins on the 27th day of incubation, in large breeds - on the 28th and 29th, and on the 30-31th day - a full brood.

If the room is cold, then the incubation time can increase to 30 days, it happens that naklev and output start only on the 31st day. The temperature of the environment plays a very important role in the life of the bird.

Now you need to decide: whether you will take goslings in the house or leave under the mother.

In case the hen is heavy and clumsy, and the chicks are taken out unfriendly, that is, some have already dried, live an entire day for a whole day, and several eggs still lie under the bird, first of all it is necessary to make sure that under the shell live chicks, lowering the remaining eggs Into the water, they must move, behave like living things. Hatched goslings, after they have dried, it is better to take them into the house. The activity of the hatched chicks makes the goose go up above the nest, so as not to crush the kids, and those that are still in the eggs, while they are sure to cool and may even die. The chicks should be kept warm, in a cardboard box, where the temperature is about 30 ° C and wait for the withdrawal of the rest. Weak goslings are placed in a heating box, where the temperature is maintained at 35 ° C. The strong geese are evenly placed under the wings of the goose at night. Goose is separate from mothers for a long time can not be kept - having got used to a person, they do not approach goose. Goose is allowed to goose to the goose, watching the behavior of the mother. Until night, the geese will be settled and distributed among the goose. If under one of them they gather a lot, a few goslings are selected and placed under the wings of other geese. In the future, it will be a united herd under the protection of all the goose and gander.

Well, if your hen is carefully and skillfully behaving in the nest, then you can not worry - no chick will not be forgotten or jammed by the mother. At this time you only have to take care that the goslings can freely leave the nest and return back. To do this, you need to organize them an accessible exit and entrance to the nest. Within sight of the brood, not far from the nest, it is necessary to put a drinker and a small tray with a feed for the kids, a grain and a bucket of water for their mother. Bucket - to ensure that the goose can not climb into a container of water and drown in it.

A good goose attentively follows the children, warms them up after meals, calling them into the nest. The nest should be left for a week, then removed, and in its place, throw a large armful of dry straw. The brood will be placed on a clean bedding with great pleasure. If it's already warm in the street, then the geese and their mother can be released on the grass immediately, as soon as they are confidently standing on their feet. If there are more than one goose, then it is possible to drive out to the common pasture only after the mother and children remember each other well. Because sometimes ducks on inattentiveness can climb to bask under another's mother. Some goose, sometimes, behave very aggressively towards alien chicks, they can even injure small goslings.

Gusiata have a high growth rate, and especially rapidly grow in the first month of life. If at a diurnal age the live weight of the goslings is 100-120 g, then in the 30-day period it is more than 2 kg. For 60-70 days growing goslings with good feeding and maintenance increase their original living weight 35-40 times, reaching 4-4.5 kg.

There are two opposite views on where the gander must be at the same time. Some believe that during incubation and withdrawal of babies geese to goose, it is better not to let go. When the weather is quiet, warm, sunny, youngsters with mothers are let out on the lawn to "sunbathe" in the sun and let the gander, watching how he behaves. Others do not translate the gander to another place, when the goose sits on eggs, believing that it never hinders them and is very sentimental. Hearing the squeak of the chicks, he comes to the nest, pokes his head inside, is interested, never offends the goslings. Very happy when the goose starts to leave the nest with the goslings.

The live mass of geese has a high genetic variability, that is, it is well transmitted by inheritance. Gusevod, if desired, can quite successfully raise the live weight of geese bred by them, selecting large eggs for incubation and leaving large geese on the tribe. Of the large eggs, large daily goslings will be excreted, from which large young geese will grow. If the gussevod will equip them with a breeding herd, they will carry large eggs and so on. As a result, the live weight of breeding geese will increase rapidly. However, it should be borne in mind that simultaneously in this herd, the fertility of the bird will adequately decrease: egg production, fertilization and hatchability of eggs. This is due to the presence of an inverse biological dependence between the live weight of the bird and its fertility: egg-laying, fertilization and hatchability of eggs, therefore, when breeding geese, the poultry breeder should choose the optimal live weight of the bred bird that does not interfere with the manifestation of high fertility and complete the parent flock with young individuals of the appropriate size. It is equally important to leave on the tribe individuals from goose with high egg production and geese with high sexual activity.

All eggs of geese are used to produce goslings, so their fertility and hatchability should be maintained with all means at a high level. To get full-fledged hatching eggs, geese should be fed balanced on all nutrients rations, especially for protein and vitamins.

Features of feeding

A goose is a pasture bird, a herbivore. Geese willingly consume large amounts of fresh grass, and pasture is the cheapest source of feed. The use of pastures and ponds has a positive effect on the general condition of the geese. They are able to eat up to 2 kg of green mass per day. Adult geese on the pasture are released immediately after the end of egg-laying. For grazing geese you can use flooded and dry meadows, ravines. Where there is no possibility of releasing geese to pasture, they are kept in pens.

There are three ways to feed geese: dry, moist and combined.

With a dry type of feeding, the bird receives dry or granulated fodders consisting of mixed fodders or grain-mixtures. This method of feeding requires a full-fledged diet and vitamin-mineral supplement supplementation of the feed mix. Its daily rate can be set one-time - in the morning through the bunker autocommuns, without fear of spoilage. With a wet method of feeding, the crushed concentrated feeds are moistened with water, dairy, liquid food remnants, kitchen waste, chopped juicy fodder, meat and fish flushes. Moistened fodder (mash-pan) easily undergoes souring in the summer and freezing in the winter. Therefore, they are laid out on the feeders immediately before feeding. In a combined method, the diet consists of both dry and moistened feeds, while dry feeds can be kept in separate feeders at all times, wet dispensers are dispensed once or twice a day.

Mixed fodder is a complex homogeneous mixture of the various feed and micro additives purified and ground to the required size, which ensures the full feeding of the poultry.

Full-fat mixed fodders (PC) are produced in loose and granulated form, mixed fodders-concentrates and mixed fodder. PC - a mixture that completely provides the bird with energy, nutrients and biologically active substances without additional feeding of other food and micro additives (Table 1).

Granulated feed is not stratified during transportation and distribution, the bird does not have the opportunity to select individual feed particles, the balance of feeding is not disturbed, its mechanical losses due to placers and dust are reduced. In granules, biologically active substances, especially carotene, vitamins are better preserved; In the process of granulation due to pressure and temperature, the digestibility of nutrients rises and some inhibitors (substances that reduce digestibility) are destroyed.

Mixed fodders are enriched with micro-additives - premixes.

Cereal cereals are the main part of the diet for geese only during intensive fattening. In the conditions of homestead poultry farming, maize, wheat, barley, oats, millet, sorghum, chumise, rye, buckwheat groats and grain wastes are used (Table 2).

Geese are good at absorbing the nutrients of green, juicy and coarse fodder, due to which their needs are met. During the day the goose is able to eat 2 kg or more of green grass, which satisfies a significant part of the needs of its body in nutrients and vitamins. At a late autumn time, in winter and early spring geese give up to 300 g of good hay flour a day. It is well digested, which has a beneficial effect on the content of vitamins in eggs and on the quality of daily goslings. The outbreak of geese on green pastures makes it possible to reduce the expenditures of concentrated feed by one unit of growth by 2 times, to reduce labor costs and the cost of meat. Extremely voluminous fodder such as corn cobs in a crushed form, millet or oat mash, can also be actively used, 200 g per head. Consumption by geese of dry coarse forages is better and greater if they are flavored with concentrated fodders with the addition of sugar beet and boiled potatoes. Geese well digest the fiber of barley, oats, peas. Since high fiber foods tend to be cheaper, it reduces the cost of feeding and the cost of poultry meat. In the muscular stomach of geese, a mechanical mashing of this large volume of food takes place. This is possible if there are small pebbles in the stomach, which can be simultaneously up to 30 pieces. Further in the blind intestines, as a result of the activity of various microorganisms, parts of plants rich in cellulose are cleaved. Assimilation of cellulose, fed with food, in geese is in the range of 45-55%, which is significantly higher than in other types of poultry.

Table 1 Composition of mixed fodder for geese

Components

High-quality mixed feed

Fodder with low protein content

Corn  

40

43

Wheat  

20

20

Barley

7th

9

Oats or millet

3

-

Sunflower seed meal

10

7th

Yeast forage

2

4

Wheat bran

2

2

Flour

3

2

Meat-bone meal

1

-

Flour

4

4

Flour, shellfish

3.5

4,5

a piece of chalk

3

3

Salt

0.5

0.5

Vitamin preparations

1

1

Total:

100

100

From the juicy and green forages, the bird is fed silage, carrots, pumpkin, sugar beets, potatoes, cabbage, beans, grasses and herbs. Rough forages (hay, herb and flour, leaves of trees), like green forages are rich in vitamins. Daily rate of their depends on the type and age of the bird.

Green mass in a freshly-cut form is fed to geese from separate feeders, and in crushed - add to the mash in an amount of 40-50% of the diet. Geese pay attention to the color and smell of food. They are more supportive of the green color of the feed, they are well eaten by plants with persistent leaf plates: horsetail and carrot tops, from aquatic plants - duckweed. From grasses love wheatgrass, meadow bluegrass, young oats and rye; From legumes - alfalfa and clover.

Geese have very keen eyesight, so they can eat food in the dark. At night, and especially in the morning sun, they are able to consume more food than in the daytime, so gussevody leave food in the feeding troughs for the night, which is very important, especially in the breeding season.

Table 2 Guiding norms for the needs of geese in feed (g per head per day)

Stern

Cold Period

Warm period

Corn

50

-

Peas whole

50

40

Wheat bran

50

50

Peas crushed

100

100

Herbal flour, haylage, silage

500

-

Beets, carrots, potatoes

500

-

Greenery

-

1500

Shell, chalk, limestone

15

10

Salt

2

3

Geese prefer sweet food. The concentration of carbohydrates also matters. Refusing fructose at a concentration of 1.5 and 3%, they do not reject 10 and 20 percent solutions. With a low calorie diet, the bird more appetizingly absorbs sweetened fodder.

Beer pellets fed to geese for 30-35 grams per day. Yeast dry, baking and beer can be introduced into the ration of young animals from the fifth day of life. Dry beet pulp can be set in an amount up to 10% of the weight of concentrated feed.

Meat, meat-and-bone, fish and blood meal, milk powder, buttermilk and invert, fish and scrap, fresh blood, animal technical fat are used from animal feeds. Dry feed of animal origin should not exceed 7% of the volume of mixed fodder.

Depending on the adopted method of feeding, appropriate preparation of feeds is carried out, which makes them more accessible for eating, improves digestibility and digestibility.

Korneklubneudy before feeding is cleaned of dirt, washed and crushed. Part of the grain feed is also ground. When grain is crushed, its nutrients become more accessible to digestion and use by increasing the contact of their surface with the mucosa of the digestive tract and juices. In addition, the components of the diet are better mixed with each other.

The degree of grinding depends on the type and age of the bird. Distinguish the following fractions of grinding: fine grinding - 0.2 mm, medium - 1 1.8 mm, large - 1.8-2.8 mm. It is desirable to give an adult bird fractions of large (medium) grinding, young