Hearing and hearing diseases: types, causes, treatment, prevention

A person is allowed to see and hear the beauty of the surrounding world. It is through the eyes that about 90% of the information comes in, and thanks to the hearing organ, we perceive sounds from the outside world. Of great importance is the health status of these organs so that a person can lead a full-fledged lifestyle. Consider the disease of the organs of vision and hearing a little more in detail, we will study the causes, methods of treatment and methods of prevention.

Types of eye diseases

The organs of vision begin to form even when the baby is in the womb of the mother. The most intensive period of development is the age from 1 year to 5 years. The eyeball grows to 14-15 years. In 2-3 years, the mobility of the eyes is formed, it is at this age that strabismus may appear.

A great role is played by the hereditary factor and the general state of health. Irritability, fatigue, nervous stress not only exert their influence on the nervous system, but, as scientists have proved, are the causes of diseases of the organ of vision.

Here are just some types of eye diseases that occur most often:

1. Myopia or nearsightedness. It is a visual defect, in which the image is formed not in the retina of the eye, but in front of it. As a result, objects close to one another are clearly visible, and badly - those that are in the distance. It usually develops during adolescence. If you do not treat the disease, it progresses and can lead to significant loss of vision and disability.
2. Hypermetropia or hyperopia. This is a visual defect in which the image is formed behind the retina. In youth, with the help of the accommodation tension, you can achieve a clear image. People who suffer from such a disease often have headaches at eye strain.
3. Strabismus or strabismus. This is a violation of the parallelism of the visual axes of both eyes. The main symptom is the asymmetric position of the cornea in relation to the corners and edges of the eyelids. Strabismus can be congenital and acquired.
4. Astigmatism. A visual defect in which the shape of the cornea of the lens or eye is broken, resulting in a person losing the ability to see a clear image. If this is not treated, it can lead to a sharp drop in vision or to strabismus.
5. Nystagmus, or trembling of the eye, is manifested by the spontaneous oscillation of the eyeballs.
6. Amblyopia. This defect is associated with a decrease in vision, can not be corrected with the help of lenses or glasses.
7. Cataract is characterized by opacity of the lens of the eye.
8. Glaucoma. Disease associated with a constant or periodic increase in intraocular pressure. As a consequence, reduced visual acuity and optic atrophy.
9. Computer visual syndrome. Characteristic photosensitivity, dry eyes, stitching, doubling.
10. Conjunctivitis. It is characterized by inflammation of the membrane covering the eyeball and eyelids from the side of the eye.

These are only some diseases that are directly related to the visual analyzer.

Causes of eye disease

For the development of any disease must have its own causes, naturally, they are present in eye diseases.

1. Nearsightedness. Causes:

• Spasm of accommodation.
• Change the shape of the cornea.
• Displacement of the lens due to trauma.
• Sclerosis of the lens, which is typical of older people.

2. Causes of hyperopia:

• Reduced size of the eyeball, so all babies are farsighted. The child grows, and with it the eyeball until the age of 14-15, so with age this defect can disappear.
• The ability of the lens to change the curvature decreases. This defect appears in old age.

3. Strabismus. Causes:

• Injuries.
• Hyperopia, shortsightedness, astigmatism of medium and high degree.
• Diseases of the central nervous system.
• Paralysis.
• Stress.
• Mental trauma, fright.
• Anomalies in the development and attachment of oculomotor muscles.
• Infectious diseases.
• Somatic diseases.
• A sharp drop in the sight of one eye.

4. Causes of astigmatism:

• Most often this defect is innate and most do not cause inconvenience.
• Injuries of the eyes.
• Disease of the cornea.
• Operative intervention on the eyeball.

5. Trembling of the eye. The reasons are as follows:

• Congenital or acquired weakness of vision.
• Poisoning with medicines.
• Defeat of the cerebellum, pituitary gland or medulla oblongata.

6. Amblyopia can occur if there is:

• Strabismus.
• Genetic predisposition.

7. Cataract. The reasons are as follows:

• Radiation.
• Injury.
• Diabetes.
• Natural aging.

8. Glaucoma occurs for the following reason:

• Increased intraocular pressure.

9. Syndrome of computer vision. The reasons stem from the very title:

• Negative influence of computer and television radiation.
• Non-observance of lighting standards during work and reading.

10. Conjunctivitis has the following reasons:

• Allergy.
• Various infections.
• Chemical impact.
• Damage.

It can be concluded that as many different diseases of the organs of vision, there are always reasons for their development.

Treatment and prevention of eye diseases

For the treatment of eye diseases use:

1. Ocular correction.
2. Contact lenses.
3. Drug treatment.
4. Physiotherapeutic procedures.
5. Therapeutic gymnastics for the eyes.
6. In some cases, surgical intervention is possible.

In order to prevent the occurrence of eye diseases, it is necessary to observe several rules:

• Minimize the impact of negative moments. Lighting should be bright enough and not blind the eyes. If you work at a computer or your work is related to the fact that you have to strain your eyesight, you need to take a break every 15-20 minutes. Do gymnastics for the eyes. Watching television programs should also be interrupted by interruptions. Children under 3 years are not recommended to watch TV.
• Do physical exercises, lead an active lifestyle. Walk as much as possible on foot. Physical exercise should be 150 minutes per week.
• To refuse from bad habits. Quit smoking, and the risk of cataracts will decrease several times.
• Learn to cope with stress. Equilibrium and calmness will help to maintain health.
• It is necessary to keep blood sugar under control, especially if there is diabetes. Regularly undergo a survey.
• Control your weight. Excess body weight leads to increased blood sugar, that is, to diabetes, with this disease, vision can deteriorate noticeably.
• Healthy food. Take vitamins.

If you follow these simple rules, then the world will remain clear and clear.

Attention! If you have problems with your vision, you should contact your ophthalmologist.

Having made several conclusions about vision, we consider the disease of the organs of hearing. Since hearing is of no small importance in human life. The ability to hear and perceive the sounds of the surrounding world makes life brighter and richer.

What are the diseases of the hearing?

All diseases associated with the disease of the ears can be divided into several groups.

1. Inflammatory. Accompanied by pain, suppuration, itching, possibly a fever, a worsening of hearing. These are diseases such as otitis media, labyrinthitis.
2. Non-inflammatory. Accompanying hearing impairment, nausea, vomiting, noise in the ears. These are such diseases: otosclerosis, Meniere's disease.
3. Fungal diseases. Characteristic for them discharge from the ear, itching and noise in the ears. Complication of the disease can lead to sepsis.
4. Diseases resulting from trauma. Rupture of the tympanic membrane due to physical exertion or pressure drops.
   

These are the main diseases of the hearing organ, and their prevention will reduce the risk of serious complications.

Negative factors that affect hearing

There are diseases that can adversely affect hearing. Among them I especially want to note the following:

• Disease of the organs of hearing.
• Meningitis.
• Colds.
• Diphtheria.
• Sinusitis.
• Frequent rhinitis.
• Flu.
• Measles.
• Syphilis.
• Scarlet fever.
• Piggy.
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Stress.

As can be seen from the list, there are a lot of dangerous diseases, a large number of diseases we carry in childhood.

Problems with the organ of hearing in children

Often there are diseases of the hearing in children. The most common of these is otitis. It is not the disease itself that is dangerous, but complications arising from improper or untimely treatment. Chronic diseases of the hearing organ in children can cause deafness and disruption of the central nervous system.

If we consider the structure of the auditory analyzer in a child, this will explain the increased risk of the transition of the disease to a chronic form. The size of the Eustachian tube is much wider and shorter than that of an adult. It connects the nasopharynx and the tympanum, and respiratory infections, which are so often sick in children, first of all get into the nasopharynx. Due to the short and wide Eustachian tube, the infection can easily get into the ear cavity. Otitis creeps into the body from the inside, so prevention of hearing disorders in children is very important.

It is very important to teach the child to blow his nose properly so that the mucus from the nose does not get into the ear. It is necessary to tighten the nostrils one at a time.

In infants, regurgitation can lead to otitis media, so it is so important to keep the baby upright after feeding. Babies often lie, and if there is a runny nose or a small one often spews, it is necessary to keep it upright and in a crib to turn from one side to the other, preventing the infection from getting into the tympanum.

Also, the proliferation of adenoid tissue can provoke an inflammatory process and, as a result, cause a worsening of hearing. It is necessary to treat rhinitis, inflammatory diseases of the throat in time.

Hearing Diseases Treatment

If there are problems with the hearing, you need to see a doctor-otolaryngologist.

Currently, there are many effective ways to treat such diseases. Depending on the cause of the disease will be prescribed therapy.

So, inflammatory diseases of the hearing organs are treated with topical preparations, apply anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs.

Non-inflammatory diseases, as a rule, are treated with the help of surgical techniques.

From fungal problems of the hearing organs get rid of for a long time with the use of antimycotic drugs. Particular attention is paid to hearing care.

Traumatic diseases are treated depending on the nature of the damage.

Hearing diseases can provoke not only respiratory infections. For some, this is a professional problem. Noise per person has a great influence, including on the work of the nervous system, cardiovascular and, of course, hearing organs.

Occupational diseases of the hearing organs

There are many professions, the harmfulness of which lies in the impact of noise. They are workers of factories, which are exposed to strong noise of working machines and machines throughout the whole working day. Engineers and tractor drivers are subject to severe vibration, which affects the hearing organs.

Strong noise has an effect on the working capacity of a person and his health. It irritates the cerebral cortex, thereby causing rapid fatigue, loss of attention, and this can lead to trauma in the workplace. To strong noise a man gets used to, and the hearing decreases, which can result in deafness. Also internal organs suffer, their volumes can change, digestion process is disrupted.

But not only noise is the cause of occupational diseases of the hearing organs. Another reason is the pressure drop and the effect of toxic substances. For example, the profession of a diver. The tympanic membrane is constantly under external pressure fluctuations, and if it does not comply with the rules of work, it may burst.

Under the constant influence of poisonous and radioactive substances, the blood supply to the inner ear is disrupted, the organism becomes intoxicated, and this provokes occupational diseases.

The most common disease is neuritis of the auditory nerve, hearing loss. Disease of the hearing organs can disrupt the vestibular function and cause pathological diseases of the nervous system. Especially if you do not start treatment at the first stages of the development of ailment.

It is very important to comply with the rules for preventing hearing disorders for people working in such conditions. This is important for maintaining human health.

Prevention of diseases of the auditory analyzer

Everyone is able to keep their ears healthy, and hearing - clear and clear. Prevention of diseases of the hearing organs includes the following rules:

1. Use personal protective equipment: earplugs, headphones, helmets in conditions of increased noise for the prevention of occupational diseases. Regularly undergo professional examinations, observe the regime of work and rest.
2. In time, treat diseases of the hearing, as well as the throat and nose. Self-medication is inadmissible.
3. Try to reduce the level of household noise when working with household appliances, building tools and equipment, use headphones or ear plugs.
4. Limit the time of use of plug-in and in -channel headphones.
5. Before taking the medicine, read the instructions and strictly observe the dosage.
6. When you have flu and respiratory infections, keep bed rest.
7. In time, visit specialists if there are problems with hearing organs and diseases of the nervous system.
8. Prevention of diseases of the hearing organs is first of all compliance with hygiene.

Hygiene of the organs of hearing and sight

Disease of the organs of sight and hearing can not be prevented without hygiene.

To clean the ears is necessary to accustom the child from a small age. To do this, you should use ear sticks. It is necessary to clean the auricle and remove the discharge, if any. You can not put a cotton bud in the ear canal, thereby creating an ear plug.

It is necessary to protect the ears from hypothermia, industrial and domestic noise, and avoid the influence of harmful substances.

Important! Prevention of diseases of the hearing system will preserve the health and ability to hear the music of the surrounding world.

The visual hygiene is to:

• Keep your eyes clean.
• Protect them from dust, injuries, chemical burns.
• When working with a dangerous tool, use safety glasses.
• Observe the lighting mode.
• To maintain a good vision, it is necessary that all vitamins are in the diet. Lack of them can lead to various eye diseases and visual impairment.

All these recommendations and advice are quite feasible. If you observe them, then your ears and eyes will long remain healthy and delight you with pictures and sounds from the outside world.