Hazardous and harmful factors of production.

At the present time, due to the development of a civilization that is proceeding at a rapid pace, labor protection is forced to seek answers to all new questions. The most important of them is how to preserve human health in the workplace. Today we have to fight with all our strength against such a phenomenon as dangerous and harmful factors of production. They are somewhat different among themselves and to combat them, it is necessary to understand what exactly.

Dangerous factors of production are those that cause negative consequences, for example, various mechanisms, machines. But the harmful gradually and slowly lead to the emergence of all sorts of occupational diseases, for example, carcinogens, chemicals.

Factors of production and their classification is as follows: the first group - physical (vibration, noise, dust), the second group - chemical (lead, mercury, radium), the third group - biological (microorganisms, spores, microbes) and the fourth - psychophysiological (stress, overwork , Nervous overloads).

The fact is that the factors of production and their characteristics are now a rather big problem, for the fight against which state intervention, standardization and standardization are necessary. After all, in the whole world in developed countries there are bodies that monitor compliance with the norms of harmful and dangerous factors of production.

So, what are the factors of production that threaten health, lie in wait for our compatriots across the country? Let's start with noise, which is nothing more than sound that occurs during mechanical vibrations in gaseous, solid and liquid media. Noise induces unpleasant sensations and interferes with normal vital activity of a person. When the sound pressure rises , it adversely affects the hearing organ by which sound is perceived. In order to measure the volume, a two-channel noise meter is now used. So, the volume over 140 decibels easily causes a painful effect. Objectively, the impact of noise can be seen in such manifestations: blood pressure rises, acuity of hearing is reduced, work capacity, attention is weakened, dizziness, insomnia, weakness. To combat the harmful effects of noise on the human body, soundproofing, mufflers, personal protective equipment (special helmets, earplugs, etc.) can be used.

Harmful factors of production - chemicals. They are divided into such groups: solid poisons (some colors, arsenic, lead) and gaseous and liquid poisons (acetylene, gasoline, ether, etc.). By the nature of toxicity they are divided into caustic, affecting the blood, respiratory system , nervous system. Control over the rate of concentration of these harmful substances in production should be carried out by the sanitary and epidemiological station. To reduce the risk of their impact on humans, it is necessary to automate and mechanize production as much as possible.

Harmful factors of production - this is also a banal dust. These solid minute particles, which are in the air for a while in a suspended state, are formed during the installation of buildings, cleaning surfaces, finishing works and so on. The harmfulness of dust for a person depends on its composition.

At present, due to the use of atomic energy, radiation has a very harmful effect on the human body. It can cause terrible diseases, such as radiation sickness or cancer. But, unfortunately, now in the arsenal of scientists around the world there are no hundred percent effective ways to protect against radiation.

From biological factors of production, mainly biologists, physicians and scientists suffer. In order to combat the effects on the body of various bacteria and microorganisms, it is required to develop special antibiotics.

Well, psychophysiological factors of production affect people in such professions, as a truck driver, test pilot and so on. Fight them with the help of reducing working hours and providing soothing leisure.