Great chemists of the world and their work

Chemistry is the most important science that is used mechanically in the modern world. A person does not think that he uses in his everyday life the discoveries made by scientists in his time. Cooking in the usual and unusual recipes, working in the garden - fertilizing plants, spraying, protecting against pests, using medicines from a home medicine chest, using your favorite cosmetics - all these possibilities have given us chemistry.

Thanks to many years of work, great chemists have made our world exactly this - comfortable and comfortable. More details on some discoveries and names of scientists can be found in the article.

Formation of chemistry as a science

As an independent science, chemistry began to develop only in the second half of the 18th century. The great chemists who presented to the world many interesting and useful discoveries in the field of research of chemical elements, made a huge contribution to the formation of the world in its present form.

Thanks to the works of scientists, we can now use a lot of advantages in everyday life. The strict discipline of chemistry was only with the help of painstaking work and a clear distribution of the basic concepts in science, which for a long time the great chemists did for a long time.

The discovery of new chemical elements

At the beginning of the 19th century, scientist Jens Jacob Berzelius lived and worked in Sweden. His life he devoted entirely to chemical research. He received the title of professor of chemistry at the Medical-Surgical Institute, was a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences as an honorary foreign representative. He was president of the Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Jens Jakob Berzelius became the first scientist who suggested using letters for the name of chemical elements. His idea was successfully picked up and used to this day.

The discovery of new chemical elements - cerium, selenium and thorium - merits Berzelius. The idea of determining the atomic masses of matter also belongs to the scientist. He invented new instruments, methods of analysis, techniques of laboratory work, and studied the structure of matter.

Berzelius' main contribution to modern science is the explanation of the logical connection between many chemical concepts and facts that seemed unrelated to each other, as well as the creation of new concepts and the perfection of chemical symbols.

The place of man in the development of evolution

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, a great Soviet scientist, devoted his life to developing a new science - geochemistry. Being a natural scientist, scientist, researcher, and by education a biologist, Vladimir Ivanovich created two new scientific directions - biogeochemistry and geochemistry.

The importance of atoms in the earth's crust and in the universe became the basis of research in these sciences, which were immediately recognized as important and necessary. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky analyzed the entire system of chemical elements of Mendeleev and divided them into groups for participation in the composition of the earth's crust.

It is impossible to single out Vernadsky's activity in any particular sphere: he was in life a biologist, a chemist, a historian, and a connoisseur of the natural sciences. The place of man in the development of evolution was defined by the scientist as influencing the surrounding world, and not connected with simple observation and submission to the laws of nature, as was formerly believed in the scientific world.

Oil exploration and the invention of a carbon mask

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Zelinsky Nikolai Dmitrievich became the founder of petrochemistry and organic catalysis, established a scientific school.

Studies of the origin of oil, discoveries in the field of hydrocarbon synthesis, the reaction of obtaining alpha-amino acids - this is the merit of Nikolai Dmitrievich.

In 1915 the scientist created a coal gas mask. During the gas attacks on the part of the British and Germans in the First World War, many soldiers died on the battlefields: out of 12,000 people only 2000 remained alive. Zelinsky Nikolai Dmitrievich together with the scientist V.S. Sadikov developed a method for calcining coal and laid it in the basis of creating a gas mask. Millions of Russian soldiers saved the life of the application of this invention.

Zelinsky was awarded three times the State Prize of the USSR and other awards, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and Honored Scientist, was appointed an honorary representative of the Moscow Society of Naturalists.

Development of the chemical industry

Markovnikov Vladimir Vasilyevich is an outstanding Russian scientist. He contributed to the development of the chemical industry in Russia, discovered naphthenes, carried out profound and detailed studies of Caucasian oil.

The Russian Chemical Society was organized in Russia in 1868, thanks to this scientist. In his life he achieved academic degrees, served as professor of the department of chemistry. He defended several dissertations, which made a significant contribution to the development of science. The topic of theses was research in the field of fatty acid isomerism, as well as the mutual influence of atoms in chemical compounds.

During the war, Markovnikov Vladimir Vasilievich was sent to serve in a military hospital. There he was in charge of disinfection work, he suffered from typhoid infection. He suffered a serious illness, but did not leave his profession. After 25 years of service, Markovnikov was left in the service for another 5 years, due to his excellent knowledge of his business and professionalism.

At the Moscow University, Vladimir Vasilievich lectured at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, and transferred the department's chairmanship to Professor Zelinsky. The state of health of the scientist was already not the best. Among the main discoveries of the scientist is the receipt of the suberon, the rules for the flow of reactions as a result of splitting and replacement (Morkovnikov's rules), the discovery of a new class of organic compounds, naphthenes.

Reactions between gases and chemistry of cements

Outstanding French scientist Henri Louis le Chatelier became the first discoverer in the field of chemistry in the field of studying combustion processes, as well as studying the chemistry of cements.

The processes taking place in the reactions between gases also became the object of research by the scientist.

The main idea, which was a red line in all the writings of Henri Louis le Chatelier, is the close connection of scientific discoveries with the problems that are becoming topical in industry. His book "Science and Industry" is popular now in scientific circles.

The scientist devoted a lot of time to investigating the reactions that occur with mine gas. All the processes that can occur with gas - ignition, combustion, detonation - have been thoroughly studied by Henri Louis and he also proposed new methods of metallurgical and thermal engineering calculations. The scientist has won recognition and fame not only in France, but throughout the world.

Quantum Chemistry

The founder of the theory of orbitals was John Edward Lennard Jones. This English scientist was the first to put forward the hypothesis that the electrons of a molecule are on separate orbitals that belong to the molecule itself, rather than to individual atoms.

The development of quantum-chemical methods is the merit of Lennard-John. For the first time it was John Edward Lennard Jones who began to use the connection in the diagrams between one-electron levels of molecules and the corresponding levels of the original atoms. The surface of the adsorbent and the adsorbate atom became the subject of research for the scientist. He put forward the hypothesis that there could be a chemical bond between the elements , and devoted many works to proving his hypothesis. During his career he was appointed a member of the Royal Society of London.

Proceedings of scientists

In general, chemistry is the science of researching and transforming various substances, changing their shell and the result obtained after the onset of the reaction. Great chemists of the world have dedicated their lives to this discipline.

Chemistry captivated, captured and enticed with its unknownness, a wonderful combination of the unidentified with a delightful result, to which unexpectedly, or on the contrary, it was expected, scientists came. Studies of atoms, molecules, chemical elements, their composition, their combinations and many other experiments, led scientists to the most important discoveries, the result of which we use today.