Gafur Ghulam: biography and the work of the poet

Gafur Ghulam is a poet and publicist, a passionate fighter for friendship, happiness and peace among nations. His poems, stories, novels and poems were translated into more than 30 languages, and almost every Soviet person laughed at the "mischievous".

Gafur Ghulam: biography

The poet was born in a poor peasant family on April 27 (according to some sources on May 10) in 1903 in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Gafur Gulyamov (real name and surname), despite his origin, as well as all members of the family, was distinguished by high spirituality and literacy. Father Gulam Mirza Arif was a well-read man and himself wrote poetry. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat were frequent guests of their house.

As for the mother of the poet Tash-bibi, she, like her husband, was not indifferent to poetry and wrote fairy tales. Thanks to literate parents, the children of the family quickly learned to read. Already in his childhood Gafur Ghulam read in Farsi the works of Alisher Navoi, Saadi and Hafiz. One day the boy accidentally wrote his first poem and showed his mother what the woman replied that would necessarily show and advise on his talent with his father.

Survivor's death

In the autumn of 1912, Father Guliam-aka returned home much earlier than usual. He was feverish and his body was burning. Tash-bibi put her husband to bed, rubbed the patient with mutton fat and gave her hot herbal tea. All night the man gasped and coughed heavily. Call the doctor was not possible, since he was not in the mahalla. The disease was aggravated by the fact that in the old house, located in a swampy place, there was always dampness. A couple of days later, the family lost the head of the family, and five children were left orphans. The oldest at that time was 9 years old, and the youngest - only six months.

Later Gafur Ghulam will tell you that for the rest of his life he remembered his mother's crying poems written for the 44-year-old husband who left the world:

"... The black hair on my eyebrows fell to me.
My heart is in sorrow, with happiness in disgrace,
If you ask me what's wrong with me, I will answer:
"The berries of parting for food have got to me ..."

But the trouble did not leave the family, and soon the mother died too. And Gafur begins to homeless. I've tried myself in a variety of professions. Was admitted to the orphanage. I went to work in the printing house as a compositor and enrolled in the pedagogical courses.

The first publication in print and an unsuccessful marriage

In 1919, after completing the teacher training courses, Gafur Gulyamov took a job in primary school. The teacher not only trained children, but also traveled to other areas for meetings with friends and colleagues.

To facilitate the boy's orphan life, relatives decide to marry him. Nobody began to listen to the guy's resistance, and soon a modest wedding was held with a girl from the nearby mahalla. Soon the daughter of Holid was born, but the marriage broke up.

The poet left with a head in public life and creativity. Having firsthand knowledge of all the hardships of the orphanage, Gafur Ghulam becomes one of the organizers of the fight against homelessness in the country. In 1923 he was appointed the head of the boarding school. On the night, when on the threshold of the institution were 15 orphans, a poem was written, which after a while became the first publication in the press.

Children of the writer

Life does not stand still, Gafur cooperates with many magazines, gets to know different creative people, writers. And falls in love with one of the sisters of the young writer Mukhitdin Khayrullaev - Muharram. In the autumn of 1931, lovers united their fates, as it turned out, forever. In the domestic plan, the young ones had a hard time, but the young wife became a good housewife and freed her respected husband from domestic difficulties. She understood the importance of his work.

In a close family, children began to appear.

First-born - Ulugbek Gulyamov - was born in 1933, on October 1. He worked as Director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences and a nuclear physicist of the USSR. He died in 1990, on March 15.

Five years later, in 1938, the daughter of Olmos appeared, she became a journalist.

Mirza Abdul Kadyr Gulyamov (as well as his elder brother, a nuclear physicist by education) was born in 1945, on February 17. He was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, director of the Institute of Solar Physics, then, from 2000 to 2005, the first civilian defense minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

1947 was marked by the appearance of another son - Hondamir, who later became a historian.

In 1950, the youngest daughter Toshkhon was born, which Gafur named in memory of his mother. Toshkhon did not disgrace her parents and did not lag behind the famous family members. She became a biologist and defended her doctorate.

It must be said that the daughter of the first marriage of Holida before her marriage also lived in the house of her father.

Creation

Poetry and prose of a talented writer is the embodiment of the history of the Uzbek people. They tell all the troubles, life and joy. A huge role in the development of Uzbekistan's literature was played by Gafur Gulyam's works written in the post-war period. There are few people who remained indifferent to his creations "I am a Jew", "My son is waiting for you" and "You are not an orphan".

During the war period, the poems of Gafur Gulyam were filled with the emotions and thoughts of people who took up arms. And after the end of the Second World War his poems are filled with emotions and emotional excitement of those who at one time defended peace on Earth. Thus, the post-war lyric poetry is a continuation of the military one, and two poems appear as a connecting link for two difficult periods: "Remember, Motherland is waiting for you" and "The Feast of the Winners".

Awards

His first works appeared in one of the issues of the magazine "Maorif va ukituvchi", in 1923. It was in this publication that he was listed as Gafur Ghulam. Awards for literary activity he received much later. In 1946, the poet became a Stalin Prize laureate. Then there are 3 Orders of Lenin, 2 - the Red Banner of Labor (1939 and 1963), "The Badge of Honor" and many medals. For the last written poems in 1970 he receives the Lenin Prize (posthumously).

Gafur Gulam, "The Mischief" (short summary)

A lot of works were devoted to children. The most popular and successful was the story "The Mischief" ("The Noise of the Bol," 1936-1962), where the hero narrates about his tragic life.

The boy ran away from home to his aunt, after his mother punished him for taking food out of the house. But here after him followed a failure: by chance he killed a quail of his uncle, and he had to leave this house. So began his wandering life, which he tells his reader.

In fact, the work "mischievous" - this is the author's childhood story. The story of how, left orphaned, he wandered from morning till night through the dusty streets of Tashkent, many times spent the night under the open sky and greedily took up every opportunity to earn extra money.

But a merry invention and inexhaustible fantasy made a mischievous boy like a legendary Nasreddin, a hero of Uzbek folklore. The speech of the mischievous person is painted with humor. In it there are sayings, proverbs, comparisons. The protagonist thanks to a living imagination looks at the world "through the cunning little glasses of laughter."

The writer focused on the feelings and experiences of the mischief, showed the inner state of the soul. Everything that is described in this story: events, things, that is what surrounds the hero, is created to aggravate the disclosure of the feelings of a small person.

House-museum

It was established in 1983. Updating expositions for all of its existence occurred twice. In 1988 and 1998, the museum's materials were supplemented with new testimonies about the popularity and relevance of the poet and his work. The director of the house-museum is the daughter of the writer Olmos Gafurovna.

It is located in the building of a two-story mansion, where from 1944 to 1946 lived and created the poet Gafur Gulam. Within its walls, the house-museum stores a memorial complex and literary expositions.

Three halls on the ground floor are devoted to the life and main creative periods of the poet. The 1-st and 2-nd rooms will tell the guests about the childhood and youth of the famous countryman, his becoming a poet and, of course, the popularity that poems gained during the Second World War. It's about the famous poem "You're not an orphan" and the story "The Mischief", translated into many languages.

Special stands, installed on the first floor, tell of his work as an interpreter and the activities of an academician. The last hall is a reflection of popular recognition and love. In honor of Gafur Gulyam, the metro station (Tashkent), the museum of local lore (Kokand), for which the poet has made a separate building, the park of culture and recreation (Tashkent) and one of the largest literary editions of Uzbekistan, is named. The materials from the 90th and 95th jubilee from the day of his birth are also presented here, which were widely noted in the writer's native land.

The memorial complex is located on the second floor. The study, the rest room and the living room still store some objects of the poet's life. In the library you can find works with his autographs and books that Gafur Ghulam received as a gift from fellow writers.

Museum address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, Arpapaya street, house 1 (landmark - Mukimi Musical Theater in the Besh-Agach area). Opening hours are daily from 10:00 to 17:00. The day off is Monday.

Our days

Park Gafur Gulyama in Tashkent (photo below) - one of the largest in terms of area in Uzbekistan, was defeated in 1967, during the construction of the Chilanzar district. This is one of the favorite places of rest not only for the local population, but for tourists and guests of the capital.

In summer, the green, clean and well-kept park turns into a rescue zone from the scorching sun for small fidgets.

Why do they like Gafur Gulam Park in Tashkent? Children - for a variety of attractions, a cheerful and carefree atmosphere; Elderly people - for the coolness coming from the lakes, and the shadow from the half-century trees; Loving couples and young mummies - for quiet corners with the possibility of seclusion.

What is interesting in the park?

• A small zoo and a Ferris wheel.
• Modern attractions for children and adults at affordable prices.
• A summer cafe and a large lake, where you can go boating and catamarans in the summer.

Council for tourists and guests of the capital: the park of culture and recreation named after Gafur Gulyam is best visited on weekdays, when local residents are at work. On weekends, for the sake of visiting attractions, you will have to stand under the scorching sun in large queues.

Park address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, Art. M. "Mirzo Ulugbek", Chilanzar district, Bunyodkor avenue, 21.

Summarizing

In addition to his writing activities, Ghulam Gafur was engaged in translations into the Uzbek language of works by Lermontov, Nazim Hikmet, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Dante, Griboedov and Beaumarchais.

Of course, Gafur Ghulam is the brightest personality of Uzbek literature, leaving an indelible impression and a trace in the soul of every person who has read at least one of his poems or stories.