History of the Yaroslavl Kremlin. The Kremlin in Yaroslavl today

One of the most popular and visited cities in Russia, part of the Golden Ring. He is extraordinarily beautiful. Its historical center is listed in UNESCO. In the center of the city there are more than 140 valuable sights.

History of Yaroslavl

In 1010 by order of Yaroslav the Wise, a city was founded, which was named after its founder. The history of the emergence of Yaroslavl suggests that for this purpose a site was chosen in the area of the Volga merger with the Korostel River. This made it possible to reliably protect it from enemies on three sides. For the first time it is mentioned in the annals, which describe the hunger riots in 1071.

From ancient times to the present day the history of Yaroslavl is closely connected with the history of the Russian state. Since ancient Rus, the city has forever written itself into history as a powerful, culturally enlightened and rich principality. It influenced the life of the Russian state.

It is important that even after the reunification with Moscow (1380) Yaroslavl did not lose its role and a long period (before coming to the throne of Peter I) was the most important city on the northern trade route. It was the second most populous city and the third largest city in Russia. It quickly developed crafts and industry.

In the XIX century, this Russian city became the most beautiful city in the country. For his magnificent landscapes, he received the name "Russian Florence".

Yaroslavl confidently maintained its leadership in industrial production until the beginning of the twentieth century. In the city there were 50 factories, which provided jobs for 15,000 workers.

Yaroslavl has become famous for educational institutions - starting with the Grigorievsky shutter and ending with the eight largest universities, which Yaroslavl is proud of today.

Yaroslavl: sightseeing places

A significant part of the historical and cultural monuments of the city is in the historical center. By and large, the center is the main attraction, which is always accessible for tourists.

The planning of the center was developed during the time of Catherine the Great. These ancient places give an idea of what the Russian cities looked like in the 18th century after the town-planning reform that was carried out by Catherine II (1763). The author of the Yaroslavl center project was Ivan Starov.

Its boundaries are conventionally held along the streets of Sobina and the Republican. Previously, this territory was called the Earth Town.

The starting point for the construction was the church of Elijah the Prophet, erected on the bank of the Volga River in 1650. A semicircular square (now Sovetskaya) was surrounded by it, surrounded by symmetrically arranged administrative buildings.

Such a principle of building experts call the classicism inherent in the architecture of the XVIII century. From the square in different directions the "rays" of the streets diverge. Each of them goes to the monuments of architecture of an earlier period. For example, the Square Square approaches the Assumption Cathedral, which has existed since 1215. Uglich street approaches Vlasovskaya (or Znamenskaya) tower, which is preserved from the ancient defensive structures of the XVII century. The breakdown street ended with the church of Simeon Stolnik, which has not survived to the present day.

All the streets of the center of Yaroslavl are built up with beautiful old buildings, which are kept in clear symmetry. They are distinguished by numerous delicacies characteristic of the architecture of the XVIII and XIX centuries.

The Temple of Elijah the Prophet

The city of Yaroslavl has on its territory a most valuable monument of architecture of the XVII century. As the ancient legend says, this church was founded by the great Yaroslav the Wise. This event coincided with the beginning of the construction of the city.

As the legend says, the reason for the construction of the temple was the victory of the prince over a bear of enormous dimensions, which happened on the day of Elijah the Prophet.

The temple stands in place, where previously there were two ancient churches. It was built on the means of the richest merchants of the city in 1650. It was located on the site of the Ilinsko-Tikhonovskaya church, which exists at the present time.

Assumption Cathedral

The history of Yaroslavl was marked in 1215 by the appearance of the first stone church, which Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich built. The Assumption Cathedral was rebuilt several times. After a terrible fire in 1501, he suffered greatly.

When the city's residents cleared the rubble, the relics of princes Vasily and Constantine (XIII century), which became the main shrine of the temple for many years, were discovered.

In 1937 the Assumption Cathedral was blown up, its place was occupied by the park of culture. In 2004, a decision was made, and large-scale work began on the construction of an exact copy of the Cathedral of the Assumption in its former place. In 2010, in the reconstructed church, the first divine services were held by Patriarch Kirill.

Museum of History

The beautiful Russian city of Yaroslavl, whose sights are the pride of its inhabitants, has an interesting museum. It was founded in 1985. The Yaroslavl History Museum is located in a house that once belonged to merchant Kuznetsov.

The exposition is presented in six halls. Here are documents and interesting exhibits related to the history of the city.

Sobinov House

This museum of the great opera singer LV Sobinov was opened for visitors in May 1995. He is the only Russian devoted entirely to the life and work of a brilliant representative of Russian musical culture.

This house is connected with the life of three generations of the Sobinov family. In him was born, spent the childhood and youth years future singer. The exposition is based on a monographic principle, which fully and vividly represents the life and work of the singer.

Drama Theatre

The city of Yaroslavl is proud of the very first Russian theater. Volkovsky Theater in 2010 marked its anniversary (260 years). Then in place of today's theater was a leather barn.

It was here that the merchant's son Fyodor Volkov began to stage the first performances. The first was the play "Esther". The history of the theater keeps many bright events. At the end of the XVIII century the theater was already known in Russia.

In 1911 the construction of the Volkovsky Theater was completed. Its architect and construction manager was the architect Nikolai Spirin. Today, this building houses one of the best Russian theaters.

Chamber Theater

At the address. Sverdlov, house 9 is the Yaroslavl Chamber Theater, which successfully operates under the leadership of V. Vorontsov. Today it is the only theater in Russia with a permanent composition. Theater performances take place on their own stage, in addition, there are theatrical festivals with the participation of popular actors of the country.

The creation of such a theater was first thought of by Yuri Vaksman, who previously worked in the Yaroslavl Youth Theater. He decided to create his own theater. To fulfill his dream, he worked for several years in the restaurant business. Accumulating the initial capital, in 1999 he embodied his dream in life. Vladimir Gusev was invited to the post of the main director, who staged the play "Interview" with Peter Suet with triumph.

The most important direction of the theater is the theater festivals of different levels. During its activity, four major international theater festivals were organized.

The theater is famous for its charitable works aimed at helping veterans of the Second World War, the disabled of Afghanistan and their families.

The Yaroslavl Kremlin

The history of the Yaroslavl Kremlin began in 1010 near Rostov the Great. Yaroslav the Wise ordered to build a fortified city to ensure the safety of the city.

Geographically, the Yaroslavl Kremlin (the map demonstrates this) is located on a strategically important territory. It has the form of a triangle.

The Kremlin has one more name - the Chopped City. This is due to the fact that its fortifications were cut down from the tree. According to the mural dating back to 1648, it can be seen that the fortifications, cut down from the tree, included 2 traffic towers, 10 deaf ones and 12 bushes. The Kremlin walls were also protected by the voivode's house, the city council and the bishop's chambers.

In 1658, the fire almost destroyed all buildings. I had to start building stone fortifications of the Yaroslavl Kremlin. On the side of Kotorosli was built a stone tower, which was named Zeleynaya. It was used as a storehouse of gunpowder.

From the side of the Volga there was another attraction of the Yaroslavl Kremlin - Podvolzhskaya Tower. Much later, it was rebuilt into an arsenal, it remained in excellent condition until our days.

On the territory of the Yaroslavl Kremlin six temples were built:

• The Assumption Cathedral (1215) is a brick building with white stone details. The cathedral was the spiritual and architectural center of the city for many centuries.
• Ilinsko-Tikhonovskaya church - in the Soviet years the building was equipped with a museum named after. Lenin, and later organized in it workshops of restorers.
• Church of St. Nicholas with its external appearance reflected the financial difficulties of the parishioners who invested money in construction. Today there is a department in this building.
• Leontief Church - was erected as a house church bishop. It was consecrated in honor of Leontius of Rostov.
• The Church of Shuya Our Lady was rebuilt in stone in 1690. She was crowned with five helmet-shaped heads. Up to now it has not survived.
• Church of Tolga Madonna. It was a parish church until 1802, later it was demolished.