Flood prevention measures. Emergency notification of the population

It is worth starting with the definition of floods. It represents the phase of the river's water regime. This periodic short-term rise in the level of water in the rivers, which is caused by a strong melting of glaciers, snow, an abundance of rain.

The main difference between the flood and the flood is the period of occurrence, namely, at any time of the year. Abundant flooding can lead to flooding. During its movement along the river, a flood wave forms.

Why are floods dangerous?

They are regarded as a problem of a national scale, since during their offensive several hundreds of settlements, kilometers of agricultural land, thousands of farm buildings each year are under threat of another flooding. If the natural cataclysm is not able to largely counter modern technology and the achievements of science, the consequences can cause enormous material damage, even lead to the death of people.

Flood prevention measures

Natural, relief, natural methods of protection are not enough to resist the influx of water. To ensure the safety of the territories that are located in the area of potential flooding, various designs are used that can prevent it.

There are the following flood control measures:

1. Coastal reinforcement system.
2. Organization of swimming pools that hold water.
3. Construction of dams.

The listed facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure, the natural landscape, the urban landscape.

The presented flood control measures are associated with significant financial investments. In this regard, it remains always relevant to find a solution to this problem that would allow to combine the efficiency of operation with economic benefits. Optimal example - composite dowels. Their use makes it possible to guarantee permanent reliable protection against such natural disasters as floods, while preserving a pristine landscape (bulky designs are absent).

Flood protection: measures

Under these conditions, the main task of all levels of bodies and local self-government, and civil defense directorates, emergency situations is to prevent (minimize) the consequences of flooding, to protect both the population and important economic objects.

Protection from floods is achieved through the adoption of appropriate measures, which are divided into technical (preventive) and operational (urgent). The second as a whole does not solve the whole problem, they must be carried out together with the technical ones. The latter have a warning character. To implement them, will require advance design, construction of special facilities, which involve significant material costs.

Technical measures to combat floods

To them it is possible to carry:

• Regulation of river bed flow;
• Caving in;
• Diversion of flood waters;
• Dredging, straightening river channels;
• Regulation on spillways of surface runoff;
• Construction of special bank protection structures;
• Constriction of construction works in the areas of proposed flooding;
• Podsypka built-up area, etc.

The past experience of carrying out these activities in our country has shown that the most reliable protection of flood lands and significant economic effect can be achieved only with the use of the whole range of measures: active protective measures (drainage regulation), passive (mudflow, etc.).

Factors influencing the choice of protection methods

There are at least six of them:

• Hydraulic flow regime;
• Engineering geological, hydrogeological conditions;
• Location of economy objects undergoing flooding;
• Terrain relief;
• The presence of engineering structures on the floodplain and in the channel (dams, roads, dams, bridges, intakes, etc.).

The main directions of action in the event of a threat of flooding

They are:

1. Analysis of the situation with the identification of sources, the projected time of flooding.
2. Estimating the estimated magnitude of flooding.
3. Development of measures to prevent it.
4. Planning, preparation of rescue operations in the territory of the alleged flooding.
5. Implementation of flood control measures.

Most often at all levels, by decision of local self-government, flood prevention commissions are formed, their chairmen are usually the 1st deputies of all heads of administrations.

Flood control fees

They, under the threat of flooding, carry out their activities in an on-duty mode. These commissions conduct the following flood control measures:

1. Round-the-clock control of the flood situation in the assigned area of responsibility using Roshydromet posts, own observations.
2. Maintenance of constant communication, exchange of information with emergency commissions, operational duty officers of civil defense, emergency situations.
3. Conducting training in flood control, organizing the training of the population in the rules of conduct, actions during the oncoming flood.
4. Sending reports to higher authorities.
5. Clarification, adjustment of plans for anti-flood measures, based on the evolving situation.
6. Based on the decision of the head of the local self-government body, the organization of round-the-clock watches of rescue forces and funds is carried out.
7. Clarification of areas of temporary resettlement of residents whose houses were flooded, destroyed, the organization of training of public buildings (clubs, schools), tent camps to accommodate evacuees in them.
8. Developed ways of evacuation.
9. Provision is made for providing evacuees with everything necessary.
10. Coordination with the territorial bodies of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, local government of the order of property protection, which turned out to be in a flooded zone.
11. Organization of round-the-clock monitoring of water level changes in all flood sources.
12. Participation in the organization, the equipment of bypass ways instead of the flooded roads.
13. Control of the strengthening of already built dams, collapses, the construction of new ones.
14. Organization, maintenance of interaction with bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, departments of Rosgidromet, All-Russia service of medicine of accidents.

Notification of the population: essence, ways of transferring

As a concomitant factor of all emergencies emergence of panic among the population. Predicting the results of such sentiments among a large mass of the population is very difficult, they intensify the negative consequences of the disaster.

To reduce them and organize events aimed at ensuring the livelihoods of the population and the infrastructure of settlements, alert signals transmitted in advance and the procedure for informing them are introduced.

The warning of the population about the emergency is its warning regarding the impending flood (earthquake, forest fire, etc.), the transfer of information about the accident, disaster. To this end, all the existing means of wire radio, television communications are used.

A fairly efficient radio transmission network is widely used in our country. Broadcasting nodes are in all cities and large settlements. More than half of enterprises, educational institutions, agricultural facilities have local radio nodes. They are supplemented by a powerful system of regional, regional, republican television centers, repeaters, local and broadcast radio stations.

The notification of the population about emergency situations is made by means of sirens, wire broadcasting networks, television and radio broadcasting for 2-3 minutes.

The first are intended to give a signal to the population "Attention all!". This signal attracts people's attention to the need to listen to further basic, emergency alert signals for GO. It lasts no more than 165 seconds.

For these purposes can be used and beeps of vehicles, industrial enterprises. Also, an effective means of alerting the public outside the home is street loudspeakers.

Rural Settlement: Flood Protection Measures

Most floods, flooding, floods manage to predict, reduce losses from them. For this, the following flood control measures are carried out in a rural settlement:

• The created flood commission carries out check of dams, dams, various kinds of special means;
• It also informs the population of the imminent threat;
• If necessary, the flood commission develops engineering works (for example, embankments, special water drainage channels, etc.) are built;
• She outlines ways of evacuation.

Construction site: flood protection measures

In the event of a flood, rescuers are used to carry out rescue operations, which are equipped with floating equipment. They search for victims, those who are in the flood zone, providing them with first aid, and evacuating them to safe places. At present, it is already possible to predict the period of the flood occurrence, its nature, and then organize the necessary preventive measures.

All anti-flood measures at the construction site should be envisaged at the design stage of the construction of a specific facility. It erects dams, temporary special enclosing bridges for the purpose of continuous construction of the main structures at a certain level. Behind each head are personally assigned areas of responsibility. Also, 24-hour monitoring of water lifting should be carried out.

The amount of funds for implementation of flood control measures is established on the basis of specific data of the project for the organization of the corresponding construction. In the event that it is required to conduct anti-flood measures at the construction site, the funds for these purposes are established by an estimate based on the project materials.